External features

1. EXTERNAL FEATURES OF
CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE
Presented by-
ROHIT KUMAR
(Roll no.-33)
Batch– 2021-22

2.  The cerebrum (Latin brain) is the largest part of the brain
 Also known as pallium
 Occupies anterior, middle cranial fossae and the supratentorial part of
the posterior cranial fossa
 Made up of outer grey matter and inner white matter and some neuronal
masses called basal ganglia nuclei within the white matter.
 Each hemisphere contains a middle structure called diencephalon and a
cavity called lateral ventricle.

4.  The cerebrum is made of two cerebral hemispheres which are
incompletely separated from each other by the median longitudinal
fissure.
 Two hemispheres are connected to each other across the median
plane by the corpus callosum.
 The surface area of cerebrum is 2000 cm2.

5. CEREBRAL
HEMISPHERE
3
SURFACES
4
BORDERS
3 POLES
4 LOBES

6.  The superolateral surface is convex and is
related to the cranial vault.
 The medial surface is flat and vertical. It is
separated from the corresponding surface of
the opposite hemisphere by the falx cerebri
and the longitudinal fissure
 The inferior surface is irregular. It is divided
into an anterior part—the orbital surface, and
a posterior part— the tentorial surface

7.  Superomedial border separates the superolateral
surface from the medial surface
 Inferolateral border separates the superolateral
surface from the inferior surface. The anterior
part of this border is called the superciliary
border. There is a depression on the inferolateral
border situated about 5 cm in front of the
occipital pole, it is called the preoccipital notch.
 Medial orbital border separates the medial
surface from the orbital surface
 Medial occipital border separates the medial
surface from the tentorial surface

9.  Frontal pole, at the anterior end.
 Occipital pole, at the posterior end.
 Temporal pole, at the anterior end of the temporal lobe

12.  Dementia: In this condition, there is slow and progressive loss of
memory, intellect and personality. The consciousness of the subject
is normal. Dementia usually occurs due to Alzheimer’s disease.
 Alzheimer’s disease: The changes of normal ageing are more
pronounced in the parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and in the
hippocampus