This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the central nervous system (CNS). It describes in detail the structures of the skull, meninges, dural sinuses, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, parts of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebral hemispheres, lobes, sulci and gyri, brainstem, cerebellum, limbic system, and suprasellar region. The document focuses on the anatomical structures and their locations within the CNS.

1. Normal and Abnormal
Radiology of CNS (Part I)
Mohammed Fathy Bayomy, MSc, MD
Lecturer
Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine
Faculty of Medicine
Zagazig University

2. Anatomy of CNS

3. Skull

4. Skull

5. Skull

6. Skull

7. Skull

8. Skull

9. Skull

10. Skull

11. Skull

12. Skull

13. Skull

14. Skull

15. Skull

16. Skull

17. Meninges

18. Meninges

19. Meninges

20. Meninges

21. Dural Sinuses

22. Dural Sinus

23. Dural Sinus

24. Dural Sinus

25. Dural Sinus

26. Dural Sinus

27. Dural Sinus

28. Dural Sinus

29. CSF circulation

30. CSF Circulation

31. CSF Circulation

32. CSF Circulation

33. CSF Circulation

34. CSF Circulation

35. CSF Circulation

36. CSF Circulation

37. CSF Circulation

38. CSF Circulation

39. CSF Circulation

40. CSF Circulation

41. CSF Circulation

42. CSF Circulation

43. CSF Circulation

44. CSF Circulation

45. CSF Circulation

46. CSF Circulation

47. Brain

48. Parts of Brain

49. Parts of Brain

50. Parts of Brain

51. Cerebrum

52. Cerebrum

53. Cerebral Hemispheres
Left cerebral
hemisphere
Right cerebral
hemisphere
Longitudinal Fissure
Cerebrum

54. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

55. Borders
 Each cerebral hemisphere
has three border
I. Superomedial border.
II. Inferomedial border.
III.Inferolateral border.
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

56. Surfaces
 Each cerebral hemisphere
has three surfaces
I. Superolateral surface
II. Medial surface
III.Inferior surface.
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

57.  Superolateral surface
It follows the concavity of the cranial vault
 Medial surface
It is flat and vertical and separated from its fellow by the great
longitudinal fissure and falx cerebri.
 Inferior surface
Inferior surface or the basal surface is irregular and divided
into orbital and tentorial surface.
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

58. Medial surface
Cerebral Hemispheres
Superolateral surface
Cerebrum

59. Inferior surface
Orbital surface
Tentorial surface
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

60. Occipital pole
Frontal pole
Temporal pole
Poles
 Each cerebral hemisphere
has three poles
I. Frontal pole.
II. Occipital pole.
III.Temporal pole
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

61. Lobes
Each cerebral hemisphere has
six lobes
1) Frontal lobe.
2) Parietal lobe.
3) Occipital lobe.
4) Temporal lobe.
5) Insular lobe.
6) Limbic lobe.
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

62. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

63. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

64. Cortex and medulla
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

65. Sulci and Gyri
• Each cerebral hemisphere shows a
complex pattern of convulation called
Gyrus.
• The gyruses are separated by furrows of
varying length called Sulci.
• The convulated structure increases the
cortical volume to three times what it
would be if the surface is smooth.
• The area of the cerebral cortex is 2200cm²
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

66. Superolateral surface sulci and gyri
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

67. Superolateral surface sulci and gyri
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

68. (I) Lateral (Sylvian) sulcus
• Deep cleft on lateral &
inferior surface
• It has a stem which
divides into three rami:
anterior, ascending,
posterior.
• The floor of the posterior
ramus is insula which is
hidden cortex.
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

69. (II) Central sulcus
• It is the boundary between frontal and parietal lobes
• It starts at the superomedial border, a little behind the
midpoint between frontal and occipital poles. It runs
downwards and forwards for about 8-10cm to end little
above the posterior ramus of lateral sulcus.
• It demarcates the motor and sensory area of the cerebral
cortex.
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

70. Medial surface sulci and gyri
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

71. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

72. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

73. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

74. Medial surface
In the medial surface
 The commissural fibres of
the corpus callosum lies
in the depth of
longitudinal fissure
 Parts of corpus callosum
oRostrum
oGenu
oTrunk or body
oSplenium
 The anterior part divided
into outer and inner zone
by cingulate sulcus
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

75. Cingulate sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Calcarine sulcus
Collateral sulcus
Sulcus in the medial surface
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

76. Sulcus and Gyrus
The posterior region of the medial surface is traversed by
parieto-occipital and calcarine sulcus. The parieto-
occipital sulcus marks the boundary between parietal and
occipital lobes.
The visual cortex lies above and below the calcarine
sulcus.
 In the inferior cerebral surface
 Olfactory sulcus
 Rhinal sulcus
 Occipitotemporal sulcus
 Collateral sulcus
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

77. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

78. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

79. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

80. Orbital sulcus
Occipitotemporal sulcus
Collateral sulcus
Rhinal sulcus
Olfactory sulcus
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

81. -Present within the lateral sulcus
Between temporal and frontal
Lobe.
-The overlying cortical areas are
called opercula formed from the
parts of frontal,temporal and
parietal lobe
-Functions linked to emotion and
body’s homeostasis
-i.e perception,motor control,self
awarness,congnitive functioning
interpersonal experience
Insula
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

82. White matter of cerebrum
 Consists of myelinated nerve
fibres which are categorized on
the basis of their course and
connections
A. Association fibres
• It links different cortical areas of
the same hemisphere
• Two types
i. Short association fibres
 They are entirely intracotical
 Some merely pass from one wall
of the sulcus to other.
ii. Long association fibres
 They are present in bundles
 Example: uncinate
fasciculus,cingulum,superior
longitudinal fasciculus,etc
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

83. Commissural(transverse)
fibres
 Commissural fibres cross the
midline, linking
corresponding areas in the
two cerebral hemisphere.
 The largest commissure is
the corpus callosum.
 Other commissures are
oAnterior
oPosterior
oHabenular
oCommissure of fornix.
White matter of cerebrum
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

84. Projection fibres
 Projection fibres connect
cerebral cortex with lower
levels in the brain and
spinal cord.
 Consists of both
coticofugal and
corticopetal fibres
 Corticofugal fibres
converge from all
directions to form corona
radiata.
 Corona radiata continous
with the internal capsule.
White matter of cerebrum
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

85. Commissures of brain
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

86. Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum

87. Limbic System
Cerebrum

88. Limbic System
Cerebrum

89. Limbic System
Cerebrum

90. Brainstem

91. Brainstem

92. Brainstem

93. Cerebellum

94. Cerebellum

95. Cerebellum

96. Cerebellum

97. Cerebellum

98. Cerebellum

99. Cerebellum

100. Cerebellum

101. Cerebellum

102. Cerebellum

103. Cerebellum

104. Cerebellum

105. Cerebellum

106. Cerebellum

107. Cerebellum

108. Cerebellum

109. Cerebellum

110. S
C I
III
f
t
Suprasellar region

111. Suprasellar region

112. Suprasellar region