Excel IF, IFs.ppt

Excel IF Function
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Purpose
Test for a specific condition
Return value
The values you supply for TRUE or FALSE
Syntax
=IF (logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
Arguments
logical_test - A value or logical expression that can be
evaluated as TRUE or FALSE.
value_if_true - [optional] The value to return when logical_test
evaluates to TRUE.
value_if_false - [optional] The value to return when
logical_test evaluates to FALSE.

Excel IF Function
Usage notes
Use the IF function to test for or evaluate certain conditions,
and then react differently depending on whether the test was
TRUE or FALSE.
For example, let's say you want to assign either "Pass" or
"Fail" to students based on a test score. In that case, you need
to test the sore itself (for each student) and then return either
"Pass" or "Fail".
If you had a score in cell C6, and you wanted to test this score
to see if is at least 70, you would use this:
C6>=70

Excel IF Function
This translates as "C6 contains a value greater than or
equal to 70". It will either be TRUE or FALSE,
depending on the value in C6. You then supply a value
that the IF function should return if the test is TRUE,
and a value to use if the test is FALSE.
Putting it all together, you would use this formula:
=IF(C6>=70, "Pass", "Fail")
This is the formula that appears D6 in the example
shown. When it is copied down the column, it will test
every score and return the correct result.

Excel IF Function
Nested IF statements
You may here the term "Nested IF" or "Nested IF
statement". This refers to using more than one IF
function so that you can test for more conditions and
return more possible results. Each IF statement needs
to be carefully "nested" inside another so that the logic
is correct.
For example, the following formula can be used to
assign an grade rather than a pass / fail result:
=IF(C6<70,"F",IF(C6<75,"D",IF(C6<85,"C",IF(C6<95,
"B","A"))))

Excel IF Function
Up to 64 IF functions can be
nested. However, in general, you
should consider other functions,
like VLOOKUP or HLOOKUP for
more complex scenarios,
because they can handle more
conditions in much more
streamlined fashion.
Logical operators
When you are constructing a test
with IF, you can use any of the
following logical operators:
Comparison
operator
Meaning Example
= equal to A1=D1
> greater than A1>D1
>=
greater than
or equal to
A1>=D1
< less than
A1<d1<
td=""></d1<>
<=
less than or
equal to
A1<=D1
<> not equal to A1<>D1

Excel IF Function
Notes:
If any of the arguments to IF are supplied as arrays, the IF
function will evaluate every element of the array.
To count things conditionally, use the COUNTIF or
the COUNTIFSfunctions.
To sum things conditionally, use the SUMIF or
the SUMIFS functions.

Excel IF Function

Excel IFERROR Function
Purpose
Trap and handle errors
Return value
The value you specify for error conditions.
Syntax
=IFERROR (value, value_if_error)
Arguments
value - The value, reference, or formula to check for an
error.
value_if_error - The value to return if an error is found.

Usage notes
Use the IFERROR function to trap and handle errors
produced by other formulas or functions. IFERROR
checks for the following errors: #N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!,
#DIV/0!, #NUM!, #NAME?, or #NULL!.
For example, if A1 contains 10, B1 is blank, and C1
contains the formula =A1/B1, the following formula will
trap the #DIV/0! error that results from dividing A1 by B1:
=IFERROR (A1/B1. "Please enter a value in B1")
In this case, C1 will display the message "Please enter a
value in B1" if B1 is blank or zero.

Notes:
If value is empty, it is evaluated as an empty string
("") and not an error.
If value_if_error is supplied as an empty string (""),
no message is displayed when an error is detected.
If IFERROR is entered as an array formula, it
returns an array of results with one item for each
cell in value.

Excel IFS Function
Purpose
Test multiple conditions, return first true
Return value
Value corresponding with first TRUE result
Syntax
=IFS (test1, value1, [test2, value2], ...)
Arguments
test1 - First logical test.
value1 - Result when test1 is TRUE.
test2, value2 - [optional] Second test/value pair.

Excel IFS Function
Usage notes
Use the IFS function to test multiple conditions and return
a value corresponding to the first TRUE result. Unlike the
IF function, IFS allows you to test more than one condition
without nesting. This makes formulas with many
conditions easier to read.
Arguments are entered in test/value pairs. Each test
(condition) represents a logical test that returns TRUE or
FALSE, and each value is associated with the previous
test. A value is returned by IFS only when its test returns
TRUE, and the first test with a TRUE result "wins". The
IFS function supports up to 127 conditions.

Excel IFS Function
In the example shown the formula in E5 is:
=IFS(D5<60,"F",D5<70,"D",D5<80,"C",D5<90,"B",D5>=90,"A")
Note: the IFS function is new in Excel 2016 on Windows, and
won't work in other versions of Excel.
Notes:
There is no way to set a default if all tests return FALSE (i.e. a
value if false). Instead, enter TRUE for the last test, and then a
value to return as a default value if FALSE.
All logical tests must return TRUE or FALSE. Other results will
case IFS to return a #VALUE! error.
If no logical tests return TRUE, IFS returns the #N/A error.

Excel IFS Function

Excel NOT Function
Purpose
Reverse arguments or results
Return value
A reversed logical value
Syntax
=NOT (logical)
Arguments
logical - A value or logical expression that can be evaluated as
TRUE or FALSE.
Usage notes
Use the NOT function to reverse a value or logical argument, that
is, if logical is FALSE, NOT returns TRUE. If logical is TRUE,
NOT returns FALSE.

Excel NOT Function
Why would you want to do this? A common example
is to reverse the behavior of another function. For
example, If the cell A1 is blank, then the formula
=ISBLANK(A1) will return TRUE. NOT can be used to
reverse this result to FALSE like this:
=NOT(ISBLANK(A1))
In essence, by adding NOT, you are able to create a
formula that behaves like ISNOTBLANK, which
doesn't exist in Excel.

Excel OR Function
Purpose
Test multiple conditions with OR
Return value
TRUE if any arguments evaluate TRUE; FALSE if
not.
Syntax
=OR (logical1, [logical2], ...)
Arguments
logical1 - The first condition or logical value to
evaluate.
logical2 - [optional] The second condition or logical
value to evaluate.

Excel OR Function
Usage notes
Use the OR function to test multiple conditions at the
same time, up to 255 conditions total.
For example, to test if the value in A1 OR the value in
B1 is greater than 75, use the following formula:
=OR(A1>75,B1<75)
OR can be used to extend the functionality of
functions like IF. Using the above example, you can
supply OR as the logical_test for an IF function like
so:
=IF(OR(A1>75,B1<75), "Pass", "Fail")

Excel OR Function
This formula will return "Pass" if the value in A1 is greater than
75 OR the value in B1 is greater than 75.
If you enter OR as an array formula, you can test all values in a
range against a condition. For example, this array formula will
return TRUE if any cell in A1:A100 is greater than 15:
={OR(A1:A100>15}
Notes:
Each logical condition must evaluate to TRUE or FALSE, or be
arrays or references that contain logical values.
Text values or empty cells supplied as arguments are ignored.
The OR function will return #VALUE if no logical values are
found

Excel OR Function

Excel TRUE Function
Purpose
Generate the logical value TRUE
Return value
The logical value TRUE
Syntax
=TRUE ()
Usage notes
The TRUE function is provided for compatibility with other
spreadsheet applications and there is no need to use it in
almost all cases.

Excel TRUE Function
If you want to enter TRUE, or provide TRUE as a result in a
formula, you can just use enter the word TRUE directly into a cell
or formula and Excel will interpret this as the logical value TRUE.
For example, these formulas are functionally identical:
=IF(A1<0, TRUE()) =IF(A1<0, TRUE)
Also note that logical expressions themselves will automatically
generate TRUE and FALSE results. For example, the formula in
cell C7 is: =B7>90
This expression evaluates to TRUE, which is the result that
appears in the spreadsheet.
If you want to test a condition and return different results based on
whether the results are TRUE or FALSE, see the examples on this
page.

Excel TRUE Function

Excel ADDRESS Function
Purpose
Create a cell address from a given row and column
Return value
A cell address in the current or given worksheet.
Syntax
=ADDRESS (row_num, col_num, [abs_num], [a1], [sheet])
Arguments
row_num - The row number to use in the cell address.
col_num - The column number to use in the cell address.
abs_num - [optional] The address type (i.e. absolute, relative).
Defaults to absolute.
a1 - [optional] The reference style, A1 vs R1C1. Defaults to A1 style.
sheet - [optional] The name of the worksheet to use. Defaults to
current sheet.

Excel ADDRESS Function
Usage notes
Use ADDRESS to create an address from a given row
and column number. For example, ADDRESS(1,1,) will
return $A$1.
Abs_num key:
1 or omitted Absolute
2 Absolute row; relative column
3 Relative row; absolute column
4 Relative

Excel AREAS Function
Purpose
Get the number of areas in a reference.
Return value
A number representing number of areas.
Syntax
=AREAS (reference)
Arguments
reference - A reference to a cell or range of cells.
Usage notes
Reference can include more than one reference. you must separate
multiple references with a comma and wrap then in an extra set of
parentheses. Otherwise, Excel will think the commas indicate multiple
parameters and generate an error.
As an example, the formula =AREAS((F17:F19,J16:J18,I8)) will return 3.

Excel CHOOSE Function
Return value
The value at the given position.
Syntax
=CHOOSE (index_num, value1, [value2], ...)
Arguments
index_num - The value to choose. A number between 1 and 254.
value1 - The first value from which to choose.
value2 - [optional] The second value from which to choose.
Usage notes
Choose can handle up to 254 values. Index_num returns a value
based on it's position in the list. For example, if index_num is
2, value2 is returned.
Values can also be references. For example, the address A1, or the
ranges A1:10 or B2:B15 can be supplied as values.

Excel CHOOSE Function

Excel COLUMN Function
Purpose
Get the column number of a reference.
Return value
A number representing the column.
Syntax
=COLUMN ([reference])
Arguments
reference - [optional] A reference to a cell or range of cells.
Usage notes
Use reference to get column number of a reference.
Reference can be a single cell address or a range of cells.
Reference is optional and will default to the cell in which the
COLUMN function exists.
Reference cannot include multiple references or addresses.

Excel COLUMNS Function
Purpose
Get the number of columns in an array or reference.
Return value
A number representing column count.
Syntax
=COLUMNS (array)
Arguments
array - A reference to a range of cells.
Usage notes
Use the COLUMNS function to get the number of columns in a
reference. For example, the formula =COLUMNS(A1:F1) returns the
number 6.
Array can be an array, an array formula, or a reference to a single
contiguous group of cells.

Excel FORMULATEXT Function
Purpose
Get the formula in a cell
Return value
The formula as text
Syntax
=FORMULATEXT (reference)
Arguments
reference - Reference to cell or cell range.
Usage notes
You can use the FORMULATEXT function to extract a formula as text
from a cell. Once extracted, you can work with the formula like any
other text.

Remember that you can temporarily display all formula in a
worksheet with a keyboard shortcut.
If you just want to test to see if a cell contains a formula or not,
use the ISFORMULA function.
Notes:
If you use FORMULATEXT on a cell that doesn't contain a
formula, you'll get an #N/A error.
You can reference another workbook, but if the workbook is
not open, you'll get an #N/A error.
FORMULATEXT was introduced in Excel 2013.

Excel HLOOKUP Function
Purpose
Look up a value in a table by matching on the first row
Return value
The matched value from a table.
Syntax
=HLOOKUP (value, table, row_index, [range_lookup])
Arguments
value - The value to look up.
table - The table from which to retrieve data.
row_index - The row number from which to retrieve data.
range_lookup - [optional] A boolean to indicate exact
match or approximate match. Default = TRUE =
approximate match.

Usage notes
HLOOKUP searches for a value in the first row of a table.
At the match column, it retrieves a value from the
specified row. Use HLOOKUP when lookup values are
located in the first row of a table. Use VLOOKUP when
lookup values are located in the first column of a table.
Range_lookup controls whether value needs to match
exactly or not. The default is TRUE = allow non-exact
match.
Set range_lookup to FALSE to require an exact match.

If range_lookup is TRUE (the default setting), a non-
exact match will cause the HLOOKUP function to match
the nearest value in the table that is still less than value.
When range_lookup is omitted, the HLOOKUP function
will allow a non-exact match, but it will use an exact
match if one exists.
If range_lookup is TRUE (the default setting) make sure
that lookup values in the first row of the table are sorted
in ascending order. Otherwise, HLOOKUP may return an
incorrect or unexpected value.
If range_lookup is FALSE (require exact match), values
in the first row of table do not need to be sorted.

Excel IF, IFs.ppt

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