Electricity is related to the structure and properties of atoms. Atoms are the smallest particle that matter can be divided into, consisting of a nucleus with positively charged protons and neutral neutrons surrounded by negatively charged electrons in energy levels. The attraction between the positive nucleus and negative electrons holds the atom together in a neutral state. Static electricity and lightning occur when an imbalance of charges develops, such as rubbing objects together to transfer electrons or friction separating charges within storm clouds.

1. What is
electricity?

2. What are Atoms?
• The atom was discovered by t he Greek, scientist
“Democritus”, he said the matter is made out of very
small particle called “Atom” which means can’t be
divided.

3. Structure of the “Atom”

4. • The Atom is formed of two main parts which
are :
1)The Energy levels 2) The Nucleus
Energy levels
Nucleus

5. 1)Energy levels
• There are 8 energy levels in each atom
• They carry the negatively charged electrons that moves
around the nucleus
• Each level carries a certain number of electrons
• Example :the first energy level carries 2 electrons and the
second can carry 8 electrons

6. 2)Nucleus
• The Nucleus of the Atom is composed of :
-Positively charged particle Proton
-Neutrally charged particle Neutrons
- This makes the net charge of the nucleus
Positively charged
Neutrons (±n)
Protons (+p)

7. Why the atom is formed of positively
and negatively charged particles?
• To answer this question we need to know these
information
•
Like charges repel
Different Charges
attract

8. • Since the net charge of the nucleus is the positive
charge and the electrons in the energy levels are
negatively charged
• This means different charges ,this results in attraction
between the nucleus and the energy levels

9. • All atoms tend to be “Neutral”
• i.e the net charge is zero, so the number of positive
charges should be equal to the number of negative
charges
• The positive charge in the atom is represented as
“Protons”
• The negative charge in the atom is represented as
“Electrons”
Number of Protons = The number of Electrons

10. Examples of Atoms

11. Static electricity
• It is the electric charge that builds up on an object that
has gained or lost electrons
• Example:
When you rub a balloon with wool the balloon gains some
electrons from the wool and becomes negatively charged.
When this balloon comes near another one that was not
rubbed ,it moves towards it .

12. Lightning
• Lightening is another example of static electricity
• In a thunderstorm ,friction rubs charges off rain drops
,where the base of the cloud is negatively charged
• The positive charges or protons form at the top of the
cloud and the negative charges or electrons form at the
bottom of the cloud.

13. • Since opposites attract, that causes a positive charge
to build up on the ground beneath the cloud. The
cloud attracts positive charges on the ground .

15. • Negative charges move , not the positive
charges as the positive charges are very
difficult to move as they are enclosed inside
the nucleus while the electrons are found in
the outside part of the atom