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Periodic table
Trends and patterns of
properties in the periodic table
Nuclear Charge(protons)
What its function?
●
The attraction that an outer shell
electron feels towards the nucleus.
What effect down a group?
●
Remain Same
What effect across a period?
●
Increases; there are more electrons in the outer
shell which are greatly attracted to the nucleus.
Ionisation Energy
●
What is it?
●
Amount of energy required to
remove the highest energy electron
from an atom. (or steal one electron)
●
What happens down a group?
●
Decreases; since the size of the atom is increasing,
the attraction is weaker between the outer shell
electrons and the nucleus. Therefore electrons are
easier to remove.
●
What happens across a period?
●
Increases; since there is an increase in core charge,
the attraction is greater between the outer shell
electrons and the nucleus. Therefore electrons are
harder to remove.
Trends in Ionization energy
●
The ionization energy is the amount of energy it takes
to detach one electron from a neutral atom
●
Or How much energy it takes to steal an electron!!
●
If its easy to steal a electron it has low ionisation energy
●
If its hard to steal an electron it has a high ionisation
energy
●
The smaller the atom the harder to steal an electron
●
The larger the atom the easier it is to steal an electron
●
As the period begins it does not take a lot of
energy to remove an electron from Li but as
you go across the period it takes more and
more energy to take an electron away
●
b

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ionization energy trend

  • 1. Periodic table Trends and patterns of properties in the periodic table
  • 2. Nuclear Charge(protons) What its function? ● The attraction that an outer shell electron feels towards the nucleus. What effect down a group? ● Remain Same What effect across a period? ● Increases; there are more electrons in the outer shell which are greatly attracted to the nucleus.
  • 3. Ionisation Energy ● What is it? ● Amount of energy required to remove the highest energy electron from an atom. (or steal one electron) ● What happens down a group? ● Decreases; since the size of the atom is increasing, the attraction is weaker between the outer shell electrons and the nucleus. Therefore electrons are easier to remove. ● What happens across a period? ● Increases; since there is an increase in core charge, the attraction is greater between the outer shell electrons and the nucleus. Therefore electrons are harder to remove.
  • 4. Trends in Ionization energy ● The ionization energy is the amount of energy it takes to detach one electron from a neutral atom ● Or How much energy it takes to steal an electron!! ● If its easy to steal a electron it has low ionisation energy ● If its hard to steal an electron it has a high ionisation energy ● The smaller the atom the harder to steal an electron ● The larger the atom the easier it is to steal an electron
  • 5.
  • 6. ● As the period begins it does not take a lot of energy to remove an electron from Li but as you go across the period it takes more and more energy to take an electron away