This document provides an overview of immunology and some key figures in its history. It begins by explaining that immunology started as a branch of microbiology focused on the study of disease and the immune system's response to antigens. The document then defines immunology as the study of the immune system, which protects the body from infection. It describes the roles of immunologists as scientists who research the immune system in laboratories and clinics. Several pioneering researchers are highlighted, including Anton van Leeuwenhoek, considered the "Father of Microbiology", for his early microscopic observations. Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century. Later figures like Louis Pasteur, Paul Ehrlich, and Robert Koch made

3. Introduction
 new branch @ medical sciences
 started as a branch of microbiology
 study of diseases
 Learning of response to Antigen (Ag)

4. Immunology
 Study of the immune system
 It is a very important
 Immune system protects us from infection

5. Immunologist
 Scientist / clinician
 specialises in immunology.
 work in a laboratory focusing on research
(e.g. in the pharmaceutical industry)
 focus on the diagnosis
 Attention at management of diseases

6. Dr. BGR

7. "the Father of Microbiology"
 Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek
 first microscopists
 Earliest microbiologists

8. Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek
 1st microscopic observations: muscle fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa, RBC, etc
 1st to see blood flow in capillaries

9. Royal Society
 formally The Royal Society of London for
Improving Natural Knowledge
 United Kingdom (UK)
Leeuwenhoek: discoveries in letters to the Royal Society
Note

10. Edward Jenner
Smallpox
 In modern times we do not have to worry
 innovative contribution to immunization
 the ultimate eradication of smallpox
 Jenner's work considered as the foundation of
immunology

11. SMALLPOX vaccine
 1st smallpox vaccine @ 1758
 1980 WHO: declared smallpox had been completely
eradicated
Vaccine: biological preparation provides acquired immunity
Note

12. Antibody (Ab)

13. Structure of Antibodies (Ab)
 1959 Gerald Edelman & Rodney Porter: molecular
structure of Ab
 Nobel Prize @ 1972
 1st atomic resolution structure of an Ab fragment
was published in 1973

14. Louis Pasteur
 discoveries of the principles of
 vaccination
 microbial fermentation
 pasteurization

15. Louis Pasteur
 Created the first vaccines for
 Rabies
 Cholera
 Anthrax

16. Paul Ehrlich: German Immunologist
 Nobel Prize-winner
 finding a cure for syphilis in 1909
 the precursor technique to Gram staining bacteria
 method developed for staining tissue (to distinguish
blood cells, used to diagnose blood diseases).

17. Robert Koch: Russian Immunologist
 Nobel Prize-winner
 discoverer of the specific causative agents of
diseases including tuberculosis, cholera & anthrax
 founders of modern bacteriology

18. Élie Metchnikoff: Russian Immunologist
 Nobel Prize-winner
 "father of innate immunity”
 1st to discover a process of phagocytosis
 foundation of the concept of cell-mediated
immunity

19. Élie Metchnikoff: Russian Immunologist
Who founded gerontology?
Gerontology: scientific study of old age
Note

20. Clemens von Pirquet
 Austrian scientist
 coined the word allergy
On 28 Feb. 1929 Clemens von Pirquet & his wife committed
suicide with potassium cyanide
Note

21. John Marrack
 Professor of Chemical Pathology
 University of London
 formulates antigen-antibody binding hypothesis
BOOK: Antigens and Antibodies (1934)
Note

22. Thank You
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