2. He was the 1st scientific who observed
bacteria and other microorganisms , using a
single lense microscope, which he made . His
extensive research on the growth of small
animals such as fleas , mussels . Antonie van
leeuwenhoek , a draper from delft ,Holland ,
whose hobby was grinding lenses . He
described three major morphological forms of
bacteria and communicated his findings to the
Royal society if London , Those little
organisms are known as “ little animacules” .
As well as being the “father of microbiology ,
van leeuwenhoek” laid the foundations of the
plant anatomy and became an expart on
animal reproduction . He discovered blood
cells and microscope nematodes.
ANTONIE VAN
LEEUWENHOEK
(1632-1723)
3. Edward Jenner was an english physian and scientist
who poineered the concept of vaccines including
creating the smallpox vaccines, the worlds 1st vaccine ,
the term vacine and vaccination are derived form
variolae vaccine .
In the west Jenner is often called “ the father of
immunology” and his work is said to have “ saved more
lives than the work of many other human”.
( Edward Jenner described how the newly hatched
cuckoo pushed its host’s eggs and fledging chicks out of
the nest .)
In 1770 , aged 21 , Jenner became apprenitced in surgery
and anatomy under surgeon Jhon hunter and others at st
George’s hospital, London.
Jenner was elected a foreign honorary member of the
American Academy of Arts and science in 18o2 , a
member of the American philosophical society in 1804.
EDAWRD
JENNER(1749-
1823)
4. Louis parteur was a french chemist and
microbiogist renowed for discover of the
principles of vaccination , microgbial
fermantation & pasturization . His research
in chemistry led to remarkable
breakthrough in the understanding of the
cause and preventions of disease .
Further he noted that different types of
fermantation ware associated with
different kind of micro organisms , He is
also khown as “ Father of microbiology”.
Contribution:-
Developemnt of methods of bacteriaology .
Louis
pasteur
(1822-1895)
5. Proved conclusively that all forms of life ,
even microbs ,arise only their like and not de
novo .
He also had to face challenge from pouchet ,
who was a proponent of sponteneous
generation theory of microbe . Pasteur
disproved the view by demonstrating the
ubiuity of microorganisms in the air by his
experiments performed in the swan-necked
flasks.
Introduction of sterilization technique and
development of steam sterilizer , autoclave and
hot –air valve.
Studies on antrux , chicken cholera and
hydrophobia.
6. Joseph lister was a British surgeon,
experimental pathologist and a pioneer of
aniseptic surgery.
Applying louis pasteur s vances in microbilogy
. He applied pasteur s work
And introduce antiseptic techniques in surgery
(1867) effecting a pronouced drop in morality
and morbidity due to surgeical sepsis.
He first suspected it would proved an adequate
disinfactent because it was used to ease the
stench from fields irrigated with sewage waste
. He presumed it was safe cause fields treated
with carbolic acid produce no apparent ill-
effects on livestock that later grazed upon
them.
He is known as “Father of antiseptic surgery”.
JOSEPH
LISTER
(1872-1912)
7. Heinrich Hermann Robert koch was a
german physician and microbiologist.
As the discovers of the specific causative
agents of deadly infections diseases
includes tuberculosis , cholera and antrux ,
he is regarded as one of the main fouders of
morden bacteriology . As such he is
popularly known as the “Father of
bacteriology”. He proposed perfected
bacteriology techniques and introduced
methods for isolation of pure strains of
bacteria .He introduce the methods of
obtains is pure cultures using media.
ROBERT
KOCH (1843-
1910)
8. Koch phenomanon:-
Robert koch observed that
guineapigs already infected with tubercle
bacillus responsed with an exaggerated
inflammatory response when infected with
the tubercle bacillus or its protein.
9. Paul Ehelich was a german sceintist and
also known as “Father of chemotherapy”.
Contributaions :-
Applied stains to cells and tissues for
study of their functions .
Reported the acid –fast nature of tubercle
bacillus .
Proposed ‘side chain theory’ of antibody
production .
Discovered salvars, an arsenical compound ,
sometimes called the ‘magic bullet’.
Introduced methods of standardising toxin
and antitoxin.
PAUL
EHRLICH(18
54-1915)
10. Alexander Fleming was a scottish physician
and microbiologist , best known for
discovering the world’s first broadly effective
antibiotic substence , which he name penicillin.
He also discovered the enzyme lysozyme from
nasal discharge in 1922.
For the discovary of penicillin he shared the
nobel prize in physiology or medicine in 1945
with howard florey and Ernst Boris chain .
ALEXANDER
FLEMING (1881-
1955)
