This document summarizes the different types of immunity. There are two main types: innate immunity, which is the body's first line of defense and includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as internal responses like inflammation and fever. The second type is adaptive immunity, also known as acquired immunity, which is a more targeted defense that develops from exposure to foreign substances. Adaptive immunity can be either active, gained from direct infection or vaccination, or passive, received from another source like mother's milk or antibody injection. Active immunity is long-lasting while passive immunity only provides short-term protection.

1. T Y P E S
O F
I M M U N I T Y

2. IMMUNITY
• body's ability to recognize germs
(OR)
body’s ability to protect itself from an infectious disease
• immune system's job is to help identify germs

3. IMMUNITY
Immunity to a disease is
achieved through the
presence of Ab
Ab: antibodies
Note

4. types of immunity
Innate
(OR)
natural
(OR)
genetic
Adaptive
(OR)
acquired

5. Innate immunity
External defense
(OR)
first line of defense
Skin
Sweat
Tears
Saliva
Mucus
Stomach acid
Internal defense
(OR)
second line of defense
Inflammation
Fevers

6. SKIN
• Protective covering
• Primary barrier
• Consists of the epidermis & dermis
• Dry, acidic & temperature (37°C) ……………….. ?
Epidermis: outermost layer of skin
Note

7. SKIN
Lysozyme
Hair follicles & sweat glands produce lysozyme
Lysozyme can kill bacteria
Lysozyme: Naturally occurring enzyme
Note

8. SWEAT
• Sweating
• from sweat glands
• response to heat, exercise / stress.

9. TEARS
• clear liquid
• secreted by the tear gland found in the eyes of all terrestrial
mammals
lacrimal glands = tear gland
Note

10. SALIVA
• clear liquid
• made by several glands in your mouth
• 99%: water
• 1%: digestive enzymes, uric acid, electrolytes, mucus-forming
proteins & cholesterol

11. MUCOUS MEMBRANES
• Found in respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, & the
genito-urinary tract
• Composed of epithelial cells
• Contains an antibody called secretory IgA
Epithelial cells: type of cell that lines the surfaces of your body
Note

12. STOMACH ACID / GASTRIC ACID
• watery
• colorless fluid
• produced by stomach’s lining
• highly acidic
• pH between 1 and 2
pH scale: from 0 to 14
Note

13. Acquired Immunity
(OR)
Adaptive Immunity

14. Adaptive immunity / third line of defense
active immunity passive immunity

15. ACTIVE IMMUNITY
• antibodies that develop in a person's own immune system
• after the body is exposed to an antigen
• This type of immunity lasts for a long time

16. ACTIVE IMMUNITY: MEMORY CELLS
• B cells encounter a pathogen, they create memory cells
• Memory cells: type of B cell
• produced next the primary infection that can recognize the Ag
• Memory cells can survive for eras
• waiting within the body until the Ag invades again

17. ANTIBODIES
 y-shaped
 Proteins
 disease-specific

18. PASSIVE IMMUNITY
• antibodies given to a person to prevent disease
• given from mother to child
before birth (through the placenta)
after birth (through mother’s milk)
• given medically through blood products that contain Ab
• fast acting
• lasts only a few weeks / months.

19. Active Immunity Passive Immunity
Antibodies
Produced inside of the body
Introduced from outside of the body
Results from
•Direct infection
•Vaccination
•Mother’s milk
•Injection
•Mother to baby by placenta
Takes effect
Over time (typically several weeks) Immediately
Length of efficacy Long-term to lifelong Short-term
Produced by memory cells? Yes No

20. THANK YOU
d r b g r p u b l i c a t i o n s @ g m a i l . c o m