3. INTRODUCTION
Decrease IOP by destroying the ciliary processes and
non pigmented ciliary body epithelium which produces
the aqueous fluid.
Last line management and a reserved procedure.
Because the ciliary epithelium can regenerate,
multiple treatments are necessary in some patients to
achieve the desired long term IOP lowering effect.
4. INDICATIONS
Refractory ocular pain in absolute glaucoma.
Uncontrolled IOP despite max medicat t/t.
Multiple failed filtrations or shunt surgery.
Cases with severly scarred conjunctiva and
poor visual prognosis.
NVG
5. Aphakia and pseudophakic glaucoma
Glaucoma following PK
Traumatic glaucoma
Post uveitic glaucoma
Congenital glaucoma (failed t/t)
INDICATIONS
8. CYCLOCRYOTHERAPY
Ideal for a painful blind eye.
Destroys the ciliary epithelium with a
cryoprobe through intact conjunctiva and
sclera.
Good pain relief and success rates
But high complication rate.
9. EFFECTS OF CRYOTHERAPY
•Ischemia caused by
vascular stasis and
the destruction of small caliber blood vessels
•Ice crystal formation inside cells leading to cell wall rupture
•Denaturing of lipid- protein complexes
•Osmotic stress
•Tissue necrosis
•Cellular apoptosis after freezing injury by the buildup of toxic
concentrations of solutes inside cells
10. September 09, 2015 Department of Ophthalmology, JNMC, Belagavi 7
Thus,
concentrating
the remaining
extracellular
solutes
As Cryotherapy freezes extracellular fluid, pure water
crystals form extracellularly
The intracellular water is cooling below
its freezing point but not forming ice
crystals
Known as
Supercooling
Cell membrane is
permeable to
supercooled water
So the supercooled water will tend to
flow out of the cell and freeze externally
The net result is-
• Cellular dehydration
• Solute concentration intracellularly
12. •A circular and convex retinal cryoprobe (3mm or 4mm
tip) is applied directly on the intact conjunctival
surface.
•The edge of the tip is placed 1-1.5mm from the limbus
for 1 minute, thus bringing the center of tip directly
over cilliary body
•Cryotip temp at -80 degree Celsius.
•180 degree is treated at one session.
•The ice-ball is allowed to thaw slowly, rather than
using irrigation, to allow maximal effect.
13. For adequate cellular destruction, the thaw phase of cryotherapy is
just as crucial.
A slow thaw allows for longer vascular stasis and longer exposure to
toxic solute levels within the cell
The effect is enhanced by repeated freeze-thaw cycles, usually
performed 2-3 times
known as “DOUBLE FREEZE THAW TECHNIQUE”
September 09, 2015 Department of Ophthalmology, JNMC, Belagavi 8
THAW PHASE
14.
15.
16. VARIOUS CRYOGENS
• Freon (boiling point = −29.8 ̊Cto −40.8 ̊C)
• Nitrous oxide (boiling point = −88.5 ̊C)
• Solid carbon dioxide (melting point = −79 C̊ )
• Liquid nitrogen (boiling point = −195.6 C̊ )
Boiling point of liquid nitrogen is by far the lowest,
making it the most effective in cell destruction.
18. CYCLOABALTION
Procedure by which laser energy is used to destroy te
cilry epithelium,stroma and vascular supply.
Types
Transcleral cyclophotocoagulation
contact & non-contact method.
Transpupillary endolaser
Endoscopic endolaser
19. LASERS USED IN CYCLOABLATION
DIODE
LASER
(810nm)
Nd:YAG
(1064nm)
DIODE
LASER
(SOLID
STATE)
KRYPTON
LASER
20. TRANSCLERAL
NON-CONTACT METHOD:
Under retrobulbar anesthesia.
Using slit lamp
Site : 1-1.5mm posterior to limbus
( avoid 3 and 9’0clock meridians)
Energy – 4 to 8 joules for 20 ms.
Special contact lens can be used.
Success rate : 50% to 86 %
21. CONTACT METHOD
Nd:YAG/Diode laser is used
Continuous laser beam .
G-probe used
0.5mm to 1mm posterior to limbus.
“POP”sound
TRANSCLERAL
Nd:YAG Diode
0.7 W 1.5-2 W
0.7S 2.5S