Stress (Psychology) ppt for nursing students 1st year

1. STRESS
Presented By:-
Mr. Krishan Mohan

2. What is stress?
• Stress is simply a fact of nature -- forces
from the inside or outside world affecting the
individual. The individual responds to stress
in ways that affect the individual as well as
their environment. Because of the
overabundance of stress in our modern
lives, we usually think of stress as a negative
experience, but from a biological point of
view, stress can be a neutral, negative, or
positive experience.

3. • Stress: is a condition in which the human
system responds to changes in its normal
balanced state.
• Stressor: is any thing that is perceived as
challenging, threatening or demanding.
• Adaptation: is the change that takes place
as a result of the response to a stressor.
• Homeostasis: various physiologic
mechanisms within the body respond to
internal changes to maintain a relative
constancy in the internal environment.

4. DEFINITION
• Stress is a physiological or psychological
tension that threatens homeostasis or a
person’s psychological equilibrium. Stress is
defined as a broad class of experiences in
which tension occur when demanding
situation tax the resources, coping and level
of adoption of individual.

5. DEFINITION……..
• Stress is any characteristic of the
environment which threatens a person’s
demand, perceived as difficult to meet or
as insufficient to meet one’s need.

6. BASIC VARIATION OF
STRESS
STRESS
Overstress
(Hyper stress)
Good
Stress
Bad Stress
Under
Stress

7. TYPES OF STRESS
1) Positive Stress :- It is associated with
adaption & is necessary for growth &
development. E.g. Eustress.
2) Negative Stress :- It is harmful & may
exhaust adaptive capacities. E.g.
Distress.

8. STRESS CYCLE

9. • Change Stressors
• Chemical Stressors
• Commuting Stressors S
• Decision Stressors T
• Disease Stressors R
• Emotional Stressors E
• Env. Stressors S
• Family Stressors S
• Phobic Stressors O
• Physical Stressors R
• Social Stressors S
• Work Stressors

10. Behavioral Physiological
Emotional Cognitive
Stress Overloading

11. Behavioral
• Eg, excessive eating and drinking alcohol
Behavioral Disorder:-
• Obesity
• Alcoholism

12. Physiological
• Muscle tension
• Increase BP
• Increase HR
Medical Disorder:-
• Headache
• HTN
• Heart disease

13. Emotional
• Heightened anxiety
• Depression
• Anger
Emotional Disorder:-
• Chronic anxiety
• Depression
• Phobias
• Personality Changes

14. Cognitive
• Increase Distractibility
• Increase Concentration
Cognitive Disorder:-
• Memory problem
• Sleep Disorder

15. Indication of Stress
Physiological Signs/Symptoms:-
•Dilated pupils
•Diaphoresis (to control increased body heat
due to increased metabolism)
•Increased heart rate
•Increased sodium & water retention with
resulting increase in blood volume &
Increased cardiac output.

16. Indication of Stress
• Increased rate & depth of respiration
(hyperventilation)
• Skin pallor (because of peripheral
vasoconstriction in response to
nor epinephrine)
• Decreased urinary output
• Dry mouth
• Improve mental alertness (in serious threats)
• Increased muscles tension

17. Psychological Signs/ Symptoms
• Anxiety
• Fear
• Anger
• Depression
• Unconscious ego defense mechanism
• Denial – ignoring the truth
• Displacement- Taking out one’s anger or
emotion on an object or subject that is not
the cause.

18. Psychological Signs/ Symptoms
• Projection- Placing blame on other persons
• Rationalization- Justifying action in an
illogical manner
• Regression- Moving to a previous state that
is more comfortable, less stressful
• Sublimation- adapting socially
unacceptable behavior

19. Cognitive Signs/ Symptoms
• Problem Solving : Thinking through the
situation, using specific steps to find a
solution.
• Self Control : Assuming facial expression &
calm behavior to convey a sense of being a
control. This may help to prevent panic.
• Suppression : Consciously putting a
thought or feeling out of the mind

20. Source of Stress
• 1. Major Life Stressors :
a. Life’s little hassles : Continuing tension on
family relationship, Isolation, Lack of
occupational progress.
b. Conflict :
c. Unemployment :
d. Divorce & Separation :
e. Catastrophic events :

21. Source of Stress
• 2.Chronic societal sources of Stress :
a. Pressures :
b. Frustration :
c. Individual difference