Critical thinking requirement for Nurses to maintain IPR

1. Suresh Vinayak
Nursing Tutor
B.Sc.1st Year

2. Introduction :-
Thinking is a skill which each human being practices in his or own
way . Each person thinks about how to organize the activities of the
day today life. Thinking is so automatic that we do not pay much
attention to how to think. On the other hand , thinking is a complex
process.
https://youtu.be/21UIUTyBDZA

3. Definition:-
Critical thinking is applied by nurses in the process of solving
problems of patients and decision-making process with creativity to
enhance the effect .It is an essential process for a safe , efficient and
skillful nursing intervention.

4. Objectives of critical thinking:-
1. Discuss critical thinking and problem solving.
2. Describe importance of critical thinking for nurses.
3 Identify critical thinking tools to use in nursing process.
4..explain how to integrate the nursing process with critical
thinking.
5. Apply critical thinking process to solve patient care situations.

5. Importance of critical thinking in nursing
 Nurses’ critical thinking heavily impacts patient care.
 It's vital to recognizing shifts in patient status.
 It’s integral to an honest and open exchange of ideas.
 It allows you to ensure patient safety.
 Critical thinking can lead to innovative improvements.
 It plays a role in rational decision making.

6. 1. Trigger
Event
Phases of critical
thinking

7. Phases of critical thinking:-
1.Trigger Event:- Usually unexpected event that cause some kind of
inner discomfort or confusion.
2. Appraisal:- A period of reflection and the need to find another
approach to deal with the issue.
3. Exploration:- people start asking question and gathering more
information.
4.Findind alternatives:-Also called the transition stage when old
ideas are either left behind and a new way of thinking begins.
5. Integration:- Involves fitting new ideas and information into
every usage.

8. Steps of Critical thinking:-
1
Knowledge
2.
Comprehension
3.
Application
4.
Analyze
6.
Take Action
5.
Synthesis

9. 1.Knowledge
For every problem, clear vision puts us on the right path to solve it.
This step identifies the argument or the problem that needs to be
solved. In some cases, there is no actual problem, thus no need to
move forward with other steps in he critical thinking model. At this
stage, two main open-ended questions need to be addressed:
-What is the problem?
-And why do we need to solve it?

10. 2. Comprehension:-
Once the problem is identified, the next step is to understand the
situation and the facts aligned with it. The data is collected about
the problem using any of the research methods that can be adopted
depending on the problem, the type of the data available, and the
deadline required to solve it.

11. 3. Application
This step continues the previous one to complete the understanding of
different facts and resources required to solve the problem by
building a linkage between the information and resources. Mind
maps can be used to analyze the situation, build a relation between
it and the core problem, and determine the best way to move
forward.

12. 4. Analyze:-
Once the information is collected and linkages are built between it the
main problems, the situation is analyzed in order to identify the
situation, the strong points, the weak points, and the challenges
faced while solving the problem. The priorities are set for the main
causes and determine how they can be addressed in the solution.
 Link----https://youtu.be/Ug4fDIJNQhw

13. 5. Synthesis:-
In this stage, once the problem is fully analyzed and all the related
information is considered, a decision should be formed about how
to solve the problem and the initial routes to follow to take this
decision into action. If there are number of solutions, they should be
evaluated and prioritized in order to find the most advantageous
solution.

14. 6. Take Action:-
 The final step is to build an evaluation about the problem that can
be put into action. The result of critical thinking should be
transferred into action steps. If the decision involves a specific
project or team, a plan of action could be implemented to ensure
that the solution is adopted and executed as planned.
 The critical thinking method can be adopted to replace emotions
and perusal biases when trying to think about a situation or a
problem. The time for adopting critical thinking varies based on
the problem; it may take few minutes to number of days.

15. Critical thinking competencies:-
 Critical thinking competencies is a cognitive process in which
nurse used to make judgment about the clinical care.
 This include general critical thinking and specific critical thinking.

16. 1.General critical thinking:-
 Scientific method
 Problem solving
 decision making
2. Specific critical thinking:-
 Diagnostic reasoning
 Clinical interference
 Clinical decision making

17. Scientific method:- It is way to solve problem using reasoning. The
scientific method has 5 steps:-
 Problem identification
 Collection of data
 Formulation of question
 Testing the question
 Evaluation the result of the test
Problem solving:- When a problem arises obtain information and
then use the information and previous knowledge to find a
solution.

18. Decision making:-It is end product of critical thinking that focuses
on problem solution. When you face a problem and need to choose
a solution from several options, you are making a decision.
Diagnostic reasoning:- It is a process of determining clients health
status after receiving information about the client.
Clinical reference:- It is the process of drawing conclusion’s from
related pieces of evidence.
Clinical decision making:- it is problem solving activity that focuses
on defining client problem and selecting appropriate treatment,

19. Confidence:- Confidence grows with experience in recognizing the
strengths and limitations.
Thinking independently:- Independent thinking and reasoning are
essential to the improvement and expansion of nursing practice.
Fairness:- A critical thinker deals with situations justly.
Responsibility or accountability:-When caring for patients the
nurse is responsible for correctly performing nursing care activities
based on standards of practice.
Risk taking:- A critical thinker is willing to take risks in trying
different way to solve problems.

20. Discipline:-A disciplined thinker follows a systematic approach
when making decision or taking action.
Perseverance:- A critical thinker works to achieve highest level of
quality care. Minimal efforts will not be satisfactory.
Creativity: -To find solutions outside the standard routines of care
while still keeping standards of practice.
Curiosity:- It is the interest to gain new knowledge.
Integrity:- Nurse should be honest, truthful and willing to accept
their mistakes.
Humility:- It is important to accept any limitations in your
knowledge and skill.

21. References:-
 Lakhwinder kaur, Maninder kaur, A text book of nursing
Foundation, Edition 2017, page no-118-21.
 Oermann M.H. Critical thinking, critical practice. Nursing
Management; Edition- 1999;Page no.30-40.
 Mulnix, J. W. "Thinking critically about critical
thinking". Educational Philosophy and Theory; Edition 2010; Page
no-44-71