stress and health

1. Stress
And
Health
Capt Ayinun Nahar
MOBC Trainee
Armed Forces Medical Institute
Bangladesh

3. • Definition
• Types of stress
• Stressor
• Types of stressor
• Body response to stress
• Health effects of stress
• Managing stress
• Recommendation
• conclusion

5. Stress is the spice of life….who would enjoy a life
of no runs, no hits and no errors?
-Hans Selye, M.D.
What is Stress

6. Definition
Stress is the process by which we perceive and
respond to certain events that we see as
threatening or challenging.

7. Types of Stress

8. Acute Stress
Caused by
-Noise
-Crowding
-Hunger

9. Chronic Stress
Caused by
-On going highly pressure work
-Long term relationship problem
-Loneliness
-Persistant financial problem

10. Eustress

11. Distress

12. Occupational Stress

13. Combat Stress

14. Stressor

15. Stressor
Any event or circumstances that cause stress
is called Stressor.

16. Types of
Stressor

17. Cognitive Stressors
-Inability to solve a problem
-Coming up with creative projects
Life change stressors
-Death of Loved ones
-Divorce
-Trouble among family and friends

18. Biological Stressors
- Any illness or desease
-Disabilities
-Injuries
Environmental Stressors
-Natural disaster
-Poverty
-Overcrowding

19. Body Response to Stress

20. The Stress Response System
Canon proposed that
the stress response
(fast) was a fight-or-
flight response marked
by the outpouring of
epinephrine and
norepinephrine from the
inner adrenal glands,
increasing heart and
respiration rates,
mobilizing sugar and
fat, and dulling pain.

21. The Stress Response System
The hypothalamus and
the pituitary gland also
respond to stress (slow)
by triggering the outer
adrenal glands to
secrete glucocorticoids
(cortisol).

22. General Adaptation Syndrome

23. General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm
“Fight or Flight” reaction: body mobilizes resources to combat
threat; activates the sympathetic nervous system.
Resistance
Enhanced ability to fight stressor via moderate physiological
arousal; ability to withstand additional stressors (e.g., infection) is
reduced.
Exhaustion
Depletion of resources brings on diseases and disorders (e.g.,
chronically high heart rate and blood pressure increase chances of
heart attack and stroke).

24. Health Effects
of Stress

26. Stress and the Heart
Stress leads to a clogging of the vessels
that nourish the heart muscle result in
Coronary Heart Disease.

27. Stress and BP
Stress
Increased
Cardiac
Activity
Hypertension

28. Stress and Diabetes Mellitus
 Cortisol causes
increase in blood
sugar level to help
boost energy.
 This may be
compounded by
unhealthy eating
habits.

29. Stress and immunity
• B lymphocytes fight bacterial infections,T
lymphocytes attack cancer cells and viruses, and
microphages ingest foreign substances.
• During stress, energy is mobilized away from the
immune system making it vulnerable.

30. Stress and Cancer
• Alter the number of T-cell and NK cell
• Increase Inflammation
• Decrese Immunity

31. Stress and Headache
Constriction of blood vessels
Distension of blood vessels
Pushing of nerves
HEADACHE

32. Stress and Asthma
• Acute Stressful situation
• Negative family
environment
• Emotional arousal

33. Stress and irritable bowel syndrome
It has been suggested that there occurs disturbance
in gut-brain axis in response to stress.

34. Symptoms include
•Flashbacks
•Nightmares
• Impaired concentration
• Emotional numbing
• Depression.
• Symptoms can last for years
Post traumatic stress disorder

35. Stress and Child Health

36.  Ulcers
 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
 Menstrual cycle disorders
 Memory loss
 Insomnia
 Kidney disorders
Other stress related disorders

37. Social problems
1. Drug and alcohol use
2. Gambling
3. Broken/ problem families
4. Accidental injuries
5. Suicides

38. Managing stress

39. Two ways to deal with stress
• Behavioral ways of dealing with stress, such as
meditation, exercise, going out with friends, etc.
• Cognitive ways of dealing with stress, such as
problem-solving, planning/worrying, denial, etc.

40. Community level
Stress management
Individual level
Family level

41. Recommendation