This document provides an overview of steel structures design. It includes sections on structural connections like riveted, bolted, and welded connections. It also discusses common structural elements like tension members, compression members, beams, and column splices. The document lists several reference textbooks and Indian codes for steel design. It defines some mechanical properties of steel and provides advantages and disadvantages of steel as a structural material. Finally, it discusses common steel sections, their designations, and types of loads and load combinations considered in design.

2. Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Connections
a. Riveted Connections
b. Bolted Connections
c. Welded Connections
d. Eccentric Connections
3. Tension Members
4. Compression Members
5. Beams
6. Column Splices and Column Base
7. Design of Plate Girder

3. Text Books/References
1. Design of Steel Structures - S K DUGGAL
2. Design of Steel Structures – S Ramamrutham and R Narayanan
3. Design of Steel Structures – P Dayaratnam
4. Design of Steel Structures – L S Negi

4. Codes:
• Code of practice for general Construction in Steel- IS: 800 -2007
• Hand Book for structural Engineers SP: 6(1) – 1964
• Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquakes) for
building and structures IS 875: Part I-V : 1987

5. Introduction
Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements, primarily carbon, that is
widely used in construction and other applications because of its high
tensile strength and low cost.
Some mechanical properties of steel
Yield Stress 220-540 N/mm2
Ultimate Tensile strength 1.2fy
Modulus of elasticity 2x105 N/mm2
Shear modulus (G) 0.4fy
Poisson’s ratio (u) 0.3

6. Advantages of Steel as a Structural material
1. High Strength per unit weight.
2. Better Quality control.
3. Long life.
4. Being light, Steel members can be conveniently handled and
transported.
5. Ductility of steel.
6. Additions and alterations Can be made.
7. Can be erected at faster rate.
8. Highest scrap value of all building structures.
9. Better earthquake resistance.
10. Large column free space.

7. Disadvantages
1. Require Skilled labour.
2. Higher cost of construction.
3. High Maintenance cost.
4. Poor fireproofing ( 1000oc 65% and at 1600oc 15% strength left)
5. Electricity required while construction.

8. Different types of rolled sections
1. Rolled Steel I-Sections
2. Rolled Steel channel sections
3. Rolled Steel T-sections
4. Rolled Steel angle sections
5. Rolled Steel tube sections
6. Rolled Steel flats
7. Rolled Steel bars
8. Rolled Steel flats
9. Rolled Steel plates
10. Rolled Steel strips

9. Designations of I sections:
• ISLB – Indian Standard Light Beam
• ISMB - Indian Standard Medium weight Beam
• ISJB- Indian Standard junior Beam
• ISWB- Indian Standard Wide flange beam
• ISHB - Indian Standard heavy weight Beam
• ISSC - Indian Standard Column Section.

10. • I section designated by its depth and weight
ISLB 500@745 N/m – I section is 500mm deep and the self weight is
745N per metre length.
• Channel section designated by its depth and weight
ISLC 400@ 410 N/m – Channel section is 400mm deep and 410N per
metre run.
• Channel section designated by its depth and weight
ISNT 150@243 N/m –
• An angle section designated by its leg length and thickness
ISA 40x35x5 means section of unequal angle with legs 40mm and
35mm in length and 6mm thickness

12. Types of loads and combinations
• Dead load
• Live load
• Wind load
• Earthquake load or Seismic load
• Snow load
• Water current load
• Impact load
• Temperature and erection effects.
Types of loads Load combinations
Dead load
Live load
Wind load
Earthquake load or Seismic load
Snow load
Water current load
Impact load
Temperature and erection effects.
DL+LL+WL
DL+LL
DL+LL+EL
DL+WL/EL
DL+ER
DL+LL+AR