Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals. Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine waters that contain few nutrients. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups.

1. Coral Reef
Delio Da Costa
Taruna STP Jakarta

2. Coral Reef
• Coral Reefs have
illuminates many of the
Earths crystal clear seas
for thousands of years,
providing a rich diverse
ecosystem while
providing a colorful flora
and fauna for those who
venture to them. It is a
colorful life that
resembles the world we
live in.
• Seascapes
• Diversity
• Survival
• Resources
• Author’s Bio
• Concept Map
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3. Seascapes
• Sea Grass Beds
• Coral Reefs
• Sand Flats
• Kelp Forests
• Temperate Reefs
• Reef, like cities, are
made up of many
different organisms that
provide a critical role in
it’s survival.
• There are as many
different types of
ecosystems
characterized by unique
traits and special
organism.
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4. Sea Grass Beds
• Plants play an important role in the marine
environment. The sea grass that inhabits this
ecosystem is know as the only flowering plant
found in the ocean which helps stabilizes the
ocean floor.
• Other species find this type of ecosystem as
an optimal home and even huge sea turtles
use this type of plant as there own personal
sea castle.
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To View Sea Grass Beds Video

5. Coral Reef
• When we hear the word reef, images of big
bright fish and vivid and diverse plants, fill our
mind.
• Coral reefs are built up from skeletons of a
species known as stony coral and any
photosynthesizing microorganisms.
• Coral reefs grow in warm sunlit, shallow waters,
where the temperature is higher than 65 degrees
all the time.
• Coral reefs are low in nutrients due to increase in
water temperatures and over oxidation of the
waters.
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6. Sand Flats
• An underwater dessert would best describe a
sand flat ecosystem. It is normally a stretch of
land beyond the reef where the sediment floor
seems to stretch into the dark waters of deep
unknown ocean.
• These barren sand plains are home for many
animals who do not need shelter.
• In case of predators in the area, smaller animals
bury themselves in the sand, while others have
evolved perfect camouflage resembling the sandy
floor.
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7. Kelp Forest
• Cooler waters of the tropics are towered by
skyscrapers of kelp. They closely resemble
that of an underwater rainforest with a large
canopy of kelp inhabited by many
photosynthesizing microorganisms which
provide a base for a growing food chain.
• These waters are high in nutrient value do to
the decomposition of many rotting kelp
plants.
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8. Temperate Reefs
• Light cannot penetrate these deep cold water
were plankton and sediment are thick.
• Here you will have a hard time finding most
animals who inhibit it. They normally
resemble the local plants by stretching their
bodies.
• Food is limited in these areas so animals have
learned to fight with others by using chemicals
found in their tissues.
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9. Sea Grass Video
Click on screen to view the video on sea grass
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Back to sea grass slide

10. Diversity
• Visitors of the many different
types of ecosystems are
welcomed by numerous
diverse organisms. From tiny
invertebrates hiding in the
rocks to some of the largest
animals on the Earth, reef are
an incredible ecosystem of
diversity.
• Galleries of fish, turtles, and
other mammals, all live
simultaneously with numerous
types of bacteria, coral, and
plants.
• Christmas Tree Worm
• Pygmy Seahorses
• Eagle Ray
• Moray Eels
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11. Christmas Tree Worm
• Christmas Tree Worms burry their bodies into
hard coral leaving their colorful feeding
tentacles exposed to feed.
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12. Pygmy Seahorses
• These organisms are barely longer than a
grain of rice.
• They were actually discovered by mistake
when a fan of sea horses collected the first
known Pygmy Seahorse, by mistake.
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13. Eagle Ray
• Eagle Rays are normally found in shallow
waters around the coast of New Zealand.
• They like the rocky shores and the warmer
waters, while feeding on crustaceans in the
kelp forests.
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14. Moray Eel
Moray Eels are found through the Indian Oceans
and a few other isolated ecosystems of the
Pacific.
These animals have an extra row of teeth on the
top of their mouths used to hold prey with
they attack.
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15. Survival
• Predators
• Arms and Armor
• Deception
• Schooling
• For most prey survival
means being avoiding
being eaten. Normally
escape is the easiest
way of avoiding a
predator. These
organisms have evolved
special skills to help
protect themselves
from predators.
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16. Predators
• These organisms live high on the food chain
and are extremely dangerous.
• They rely on capturing and eating other
animals to survive.
• Most predators have a enlighten scenes. For
example sharks have an amazing sense of
smell, so intense they can sense the tiniest
amount of blood in the water.
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17. Arms and Armor
• Venom differ from toxins in the way they are
injected into another species
• Venom relies on teeth and spines to break
skin where chemicals are injected.
• Venom can be so strong where it kills cell
tissue, intense pain, and death.
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18. Deception
• The simplest way for an animal to protect
itself is camouflage itself from a predator. This
form of defense has been used for millions of
years and overtime these animals evolve new
skills of protection.
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19. Schooling
• School is another way of protecting itself from
predators.
• Schooling is a common behavior where large
groups of fish come together during the day,
traveling in a group and dispersing when on of
the fish sees a predator.
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20. Resources
• Images found at…www. Wikipedia.com
• Information found in… Reef, by the ScubaZoo
Association, 2008
• Video used…
http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/search/assetDetail.
cfm?guidAssetID=6E7402A9-4DEB-4CB7-B04F-6A1AF2C43BE7
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21. Author’s Bio
• Hello, my name is Mr. Bouwman, an avid
explorer of my own world around me. I have
always been intrigued with the coral reef
ecosystems and it many subcultures. I enjoy
traveling and going on adventures. New
experiences change the way you see the
world and your never going to grow without.
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22. Concept Map
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