Science 5

2. • Also called as saltwater ecosystem because of its large salt content.
• Almost 71% of the Earth’s waters are made up of saltwater.
• A home of different plants and animals
• Classified into two types:
1. Ocean ecosystem
2. Nearshore regions

3. • Divided into three zone where
organisms are able to live.
• The zones differ in:
a. Depths
b. Temperature of the water that flows
in them
c. Amount of sunlight that reaches
them

4. A. Ocean Floor
ZONES DEPTHS TEMPERATURE
AMOUNT OF
SUNLIGHT
EXAMPLE OF
CREATURES LIVING
Open Ocean Floor 4000 m in depth -2oC to 40oC
Adequate amount of
sunlight penetrated,
and photosynthesis
is possible
Variety of plants, and
animal life
Twilight Zone
915 m above the
ocean
3oC to 5oC
Very faint sunlight
penetrates,
photosynthesis is not
possible
No plants, animals
living here have large
teeth and jaws and
large eyes, and feed
on organic matter fall
from the upper
zones.
Ocean Floor
Deepest part of the
ocean
Just above freezing
No sunlight
penetrate
About 20, 000
species and most of
them are
decomposers.

5. Ocean Floor Creatures
giant tube worms
Giant spider crab
Six-gill shark wolffish

6. Twilight Zone Creatures
octopus
eel
squid
shrimp

7. Open-ocean Zone Creatures
Different fish species
seal
planktons
Sea turtle

8. • Part of the ocean between the tide marks of
the low tide and high tide on land and usually
extends to the edge of the continental shelf
• CONTINENTAL SHELF – shallow area of the
ocean that is less than 200 m in depth. It is an
area where pounding waves occur.
• Water level change abruptly because of the
continuous movement of water
• Organisms living: brittle stars, mussels, crabs,
and barnacles.
• People utilize the area as source of food and
site for shelter and recreational activities.

9. Brittle fish
crab
mussels
barnacles

10. • During low tide, clams burrow
themselves into the sand to prevent
their bodies from drying due to too
much heat and exposure to sun
• Aside from interaction between living
and nonliving things, there is also
interaction between organisms:
predation, competition, and symbiosis
(2 types are mutualism and
commensalism).
• Living things in the zone interact with each
other
• Interaction of organisms to non living things is
related to the movement of water
• Ex: continuous pounding of waves against
the intertidal zone, organisms may able to
adapt to the sudden change of water levels.
• Such as barnacles and sea star have tube feet
that able them to provide suction for them to
cling to rocks and keep from being washed off

11. Interaction Between Organisms

12. Predation
• Interaction when an organism hunts
and/or feeds on another organism for
nutrients.
• Example: sea star’s food source is mussels,
it will glide on top of a group of mussels
clinging in the rocks, slipping its tiny tube
inside the shells of the mussels and feed
on their flesh. It also preys on sea urchins.

13. Competition
• Occurs when two or more organisms need
the same limited resource and fight for it.
• Ex: competition for space found mostly in
rocky areas. Periwinkles and sea urchins
usually compete for space for space in
rocky areas.

14. Symbiosis
• Relationship in which two organism live
closely together and at leas one benefits in
the relationship.
Types:
• Mutualism – two species depend to each
other. Ex: clownfish and sea anemone
• Commensalism – where one benefits while
the other is neither helped or harmed. Ex:
pearl fish live inside the intestine of a sea
cucumber, the fish out of the sea at night and
looks for food.
Clownfish and sea
anemone

15. Pearlfish and sea
cucumber

16. • Area where the body of water is a mixture
of freshwater and saltwater.
• Supports mostly small marine life
• It serves as nursing place for marine
organisms during the organisms’
developmental stage because it provides
newly hatched marine organisms with
food and protection from strong waves
and bigger animals that could eat them.
• Some fish lay eggs her and swim back to
the ocean

17. • Example of organism: tilapia and bangus, also crabs and shrimps, they stay
there to grow and develop until the ybecome adults and are ready to swim back
to the ocean
• Have three regions
a) estuaries
b) mangrove forests
c) salt marshes
• They are based on the location and nearness to the ocean

18. - Partially enclosed bodies of water found
near river mouths where the river meets
the sea.
- It is surrounded by land that serves as
protection from strong forces of waves and
wind

19. - Where mangroves or trees with specialized
roots are found and form foundations of
unique ecosystem
- Roots of mangroves are exposed with small
holes through which oxygen enters
- The leaves has the ability to excrete salt
from the saltwater the trees takes in
- It undergo the process of respiration or
using of oxygen to produce energy
- The roots and leaves enables them to
survive in the soil with low oxygen content

20. - Also called as tidal marsh because it is
found in the intertidal zone
- Low plants such as shrubs and grasses are
found in this area.

21. • Living things in this regions (mangroves, shrubs, and grasses) use sunlight and
certain gases to perform life processes. It interact with the muddy soil where
they grow.
• Having thicker roots allows these plants to remain stable in these area
• Organisms like shrimps have strong swimmerets or limbs that allow them to
interact with and swim through strong waves when moving from the ocean to
estuaries.
• Living things in the near shore interact with each other, and the most common is
commensalism, and also predation.

22. • Animals interact through commensalism are mangroves and other organism.
Organism utilize the mangrove as their shelter and breeding grounds.
• Predation happened when large fish species/animals visit estuaries and feed on
the small animals.