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IAHR 2015 - Water-Air bubble screens reducing salt intrusion through ship locks, Uittenbogaard, Deltares, 02072015
1. Rob Uittenbogaard (Deltares, Netherlands)
John Cornelisse (Deltares, Netherlands – retired)
Ken O’Hara (Flowthrough Ltd UK)
Water & Air-Bubble Screens Reducing Salt Intrusion
Through Shipping Locks
Commissioned by Rene Boeters & Hans van Pagee
Rijkswaterstaat, the executive agency of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the
Environment
IAHR – 2015 Session 10K
2. Existing Locks:
1. Delfzijl
2. Lauwersoog
3. Harlingen
4. Kornwerderzand
5. Den Oever
6. Den Helder
7. IJmuiden
8. Spaarne
9. Schiedam
10. Spijkenisse
11. Stellendam
12. Terneuzen
13. Krammersluis
14. Bergse Diepsluis
14. Kreekraksluis
15. Antwerpen
Toekomst ?
16. Volkeraksluis
17. Dintelmond
18. Beneden Sas1
16
18 17
2
3
4
56
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
14
13
Shipping Locks Separating Salt from Fresh Water
Water
Transport Sea ↔ Inland Waters
Total 267 kg salt / s excl. IJmuiden (1070) & Terneuzen (52)
Rhine: 270 - 400 kg salt / s
Terneuzen
IJmuiden
2
3. Our Test Site: The Stevin Shipping Lock
14m Wide
148m Long
4.7m Deep
Lock GatesTraditional
Air-Bubble Screen
Slots
3
4. Lock
Seaward
Port
Lake IJssel
Water
PumpΔ- Bubble Screen
Δ- Water Screen
Δ- Bubble Screen
Δ- Sill
S - Bubble Screen
CTD’s
Ponton &
CTD’s
Stevin Ship Lock – Installation by Deltares
S - Bubble Screen
Ponton &
CTD’s
Water
Pump
Landward
Port
10m10m
5. In and Outside Lock : 7*5 CTD Strings - Top Three Floating
5
43. Air-Bubble Screen – inside Lock 10m before Landward Gate
Lnf
Lock Floor
Lock Water Fresh Water
I
II
III
V
IV0
Lock Landward Port
• Sill Shields Vulnerable Air-Screen Base
• Sill Reduces Lock Depth in Exchange Flow
Sill
43
Landward Lock Gate : Sill Protecting Air-Bubble Screen
1.2 m Sill Height
Landward Port
56. H
D
h
ρ− ρ−
ρ+ρ+
g
U
δ =
h
D
2
= −
′
H
U D D
F
H Hg H
Lock Exchange Flow – The Classical Theory – Extended by Shin et al., 2004
( )1
2
g g
ρ ρ
ρ ρ
+ −
+ −
−
′ =
−
56
Reduced Gravity
Internal Froude
Number
Intrusion
Thickness
δ FH
No Loss 0.5 0.5
Max Loss 0.347 0.527
57. 57
Arrival Closed Gate Leave Lock
Unhindered Unhindered
Averages of Salt Mass ÷ Time Observations in Shipping Lock
100% Exchange 100% Exchange
59. ( )
1
3
air
air
g q
Fr
g H
=
′
Lock Exchange Flow – Reduced by Air-Bubble Screens (Abraham et al., 1962)
Salt-Mass Exchange Hindered by Bubble Screen
Salt-Mass Exchange, Unhindered
η =Salt-Transmission
Ratio
Salt-Mass Exchange with Lock Doors Opened
Froude – Air Number
qair is Specific Air Flux [m3/s.m]
( )1
2
g g
ρ ρ
ρ ρ
+ −
+ −
−
′ =
−
Reduced Gravitational Acceleration
59
60. Summary of Best Conditions for Air-Bubble & Water Screens or Sill