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Brain Damage Flashcards
1.
Atumor,orneoplasm(literally, newgrowth),isamassofcellsthat growsindependentlyofthe rest ofthebody.Inotherwords,itisa cancer. TUMOR
2.
Tumorsthatgrowbetweenthe meningesarecalled? MENINGIOMAS
3.
Tumorsthatgrowwithintheir ownmembrane ENCAPSULATED TUMORS
4.
Tumorsthataresurgically removablewithlittleriskoffurther growthinthebody BENIGNTUMORS
5.
Strokesaresudden-onset cerebrovasculardisordersthat causebraindamage STROKES
6.
Commonconsequences ofstroke Amnesia Aphasia Paralysis Coma
7.
Theareaofdeadordyingtissue producedbyastrokeiscalled? INFARCT
8.
Surroundingtheinfarctisa dysfunctionalareacalled PENUMBRA
9.
Cerebralhemorrhage(bleedingin thebrain)occurswhenacerebral bloodvesselrupturesandblood seepsintothesurroundingneural tissueanddamagesit CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
10.
Ananeurysmisapathological balloonlikedilationthatformsin thewallofanarteryatapoint wheretheelasticityoftheartery wallisdefective ANEURYSM
11.
Cerebralischemiaisadisruptionof thebloodsupplytoanareaofthe brain CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA
12.
Causesofcerebral ischemia Thrombosis Embolism Arteriosclerosis
13.
Braininjuriesproducedbyblows thatdonotpenetratetheskullare calledclosed-headinjuries CLOSEDHEAD INJURIES
14.
Contusionsareclosed-headinjuries thatinvolvedamagetothecerebral circulatorysystem CONTUSIONS
15.
Ahematomaisalocalized collectionofclottedbloodinan organortissue-inotherwords,a bruise HEMATOMA
16.
Thespacebetweentheduramater andarachnoidmembrane SUBDURALSPACE
17.
Contrecoupinjuriesisthattheblow causesthebraintostriketheinside oftheskullontheothersideofthe head CONTRECOUP INJURIES
18.
Whenthereisadisturbanceof consciousnessfollowingablowto theheadandthereisnoevidenceof acontusionorotherstructural damage,thediagnosisis concussion CONCUSSION
19.
Aninvasionofthebrainby microorganismsisabrain infection,andtheresulting inflammationisencephalitis ENCEPHALITIS
20.
Thesyndromeofinsanityand dementiathatresultsfroma syphiliticinfectioniscalled generalparesis GENERALPARESIS
21.
Syphilisbacteriaarepassedfrom infectedtononinfectedindividuals throughcontactwithgenitalsores SYPHILIS
22.
Neuronsandothercellshave geneticprogramsfordestroying themselvesbyaprocesscalled apoptosis APOPTOSIS
23.
CAUSESOFBRAIN DAMAGE Tumors Cerebrovasculardisorders Closed-headinjuries Infections Toxins Geneticfactors
24.
Apartialseizureisaseizurethat doesnotinvolvetheentirebrain PARTIALSEIZURES
25.
Simplepartialseizuresarepartial seizureswhosesymptomsare primarilysensoryormotororboth; theyaresometimescalled Jacksonianseizuresafterthe famous19th-centuryneurologist HughlingsJackson. SIMPLEPARTIAL SEIZURES
26.
Duringacomplexpartialseizure, thepatientengagesincompulsive, repetitive,simplebehaviors commonlyreferredtoas? AUTOMATISMS
27.
PRIMARY SYMPTOMSOF TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE Lossofconsciousness Lossofequilibrium Violenttonic-clonic convulsion
28.
Shortageofoxygensupplyto tissue HYPOXIA
29.
Absenceseizuresarenot associatedwithconvulsions;their primarybehavioralsymptomisa disruptionofconsciousnessthatis associatedwithacessationof ongoingbehavior,avacantlook, andsometimesflutteringeyelids Symptomofabsence seizure
30.
Symptomsof Parkinson’sdisease Tremor Sleep Muscularrigidity Difficultyinitiating movement Slownessofmovement Masklikeface
31.
Atreatmentinwhichlow-intensity electricalstimulationiscontinually appliedtoanareaofthebrain throughastereotaxicallyimplanted electrode DEEPBRAIN STIMULATION
32.
Anucleusthatliesjustbeneaththe thalamusandisconnectedtothe basalganglia SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS
33.
Huntington’sdiseaseispassed fromgenerationtogenerationbya singledominantgene,called huntingtin. HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE
34.
Multiplesclerosis(MS)isa progressivediseasethatattacksthe myelinofaxonsintheCNS MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
35.
Adisorderinwhichthebody’s immunesystemattackspartof thebody,asifitwereaforeign substance AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
36.
SYMPTOMSOF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Visualdisturbances Muscularweakness Numbness Tremor Ataxia(lossofmotor coordination)
37.
Epidemiologyisthestudyofthe variousfactors,suchasdiet, geographiclocation,age,sex,and racethatinfluencethe distributionofadiseaseinthe generalpopulation. EPIDEMIOLOGY
38.
CHARACTERISTICS OFALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Neurofibrillarytangles Amyloidplaques
39.
Thepunch-drunksyndromeisthe dementia(generalintellectual deterioration)andcerebral scarringobservedinboxersand otherindividualswhoexperience repeatedconcussions PUNCH-DRUNK SYNDROME
40.
Aconditionaffectingthe nervoussystem,oftencaused bylong-termuseofsome psychiatricdrugs TARDIVE DYSKINESIA
41.
Ageneticchromosome21 disordercausingdevelopmental andintellectualdelays DOWNSYNDROME
42.
Aplugformsinthebrain. THROMBOSIS
43.
Aplugformselsewhereandmove tothebrain EMBOLISM
44.
Wallofbloodvesselsthicken, usuallyduetofatdeposits ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
45.
Mayentergeneralcirculationfrom theGItractorlungs,orthroughthe skin NEUROTOXINS
46.
Chronicinsanityproducedbya neurotoxin TOXICPSYCHOSIS
47.
Chronicbraindisorder characterizedbyrecurrentseizure activity EPILEPSY
48.
CAUSESOF EPILEPSY Braindamage Genes faultsatinhibitory synapses
49.
Amovementdisorderofmiddle andoldageaffectingabout.5%of thepopulation,withthemost commonsymptomofthefull- blowndisorderbeingtremorsat rest PARKINSON’S DISEASE
50.
Duetothediversityand complexityofepilepticseizures Whyisepilepsydifficult todiagnose?
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