General Idea about Plumbing, as per Diploma in Civil Engineering Syllabus on "Building Services"

1. Elements of Plumbing
INTRODUCTION:-
It is used for the system of water supply and sanitary disposal.
Bibliography:
Name of Authors Titles of the Book Edition Name of the Publishers
Satish Chandra Agarwal
Nishant Chandra Agarwal
Building Materials and
Services
Dhanpat Rai & Co.(P) Ltd
S. Deolalikar Plumbing Design &
Practice
Tata M.C. Graw hill
publishing company,
New Delhi
Prof. S.M. Patil Building services Patil Publication,
Goregaon, Mumbai
Dr. M. N. Patra, Dr. S.
Biswas & Ms. S. Biswas
Building Services &
Entrepreneurship
Development
Aryan Publishing House,
Kolkata

2. COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES:-
Students will be able to:-
1. Plan and design various building services required in
residential and commercial buildings.
2. Apply various methods for providing these services &
their maintenance.

3. UNIT-1 of PLUMBING
1.1 ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING :-
 OBJECTIVES OF PLUMBING,
 PURPOSE OF PLUMBING,
 ROLE OF PLUMBER,
 LICENSING OF PLUMBERS & THEIR FUNCTIONS,
 SEWER AIR,
 SUPPLY PIPES,
 DRAINAGE & VENT PIPES, AND
 APPLICATION FOR OBTAINING SUPPLY CONNECTION.

4. “Plumbing” is a general term which indicates the practice,
materials and fixtures used in the installation or maintenance of all
pipings, fixtures, appliances, and other appurtenances used in
connection with both public or private water supply systems as well
as sanitary or drainage systems, within or adjacent to any building
or its connection with any point of public disposal.
The entire system of pipings, fixtures, appliances, etc. used in
providing water supply and drainage to a building is, therefore, called
a plumbing system. Hence, a ‘plumbing water supply system’ in a
building consists of supply and distribution pipes (called service
pipes), connections, domestic storage tanks, flushing storage tanks,
etc., while a ‘plumbing sanitary or drainage system’ includes water
closets, urinals, and other such appliances like traps, soil waste and
vent pipes and stacks, anti-siphonage pipes, house drains and house
sewers, flushing cisterns, etc.
Definition of PLUMBING, etc.

5. House Water Connection from Municipality

6.  OBJECTIVES OF PLUMBING:-
The three main objectives of a good plumbing system are:-
1. To supply safe drinking-water in adequate quantities,
2. To remove liquid wastes efficiently, and
3. To develop a water-proof and leak proof passage through
which water is carried out from point of supply to the point of
discharge through vigilance and quality assurance.
 PURPOSE OF PLUMBING:-
1. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other
apparatuses to convey fluids.
2. Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal and potable water
delivery and fulfill the other needs.
(HVAC means Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)

7.  ROLE OF PLUMBER :-
1. Installs pipes and fixtures for water, gas, steam, air, or other liquids.
2. Installs to provide the supports for pipes, equipment, and fixtures
prior to installation.
3. Locating and marking positions for pipe connections, passage holes,
and fixtures in walls and floors.
4. Measuring, cutting, bending, and threading pipes using hand and
power tools or machines.
5. Joining pipes and fittings together using soldering techniques,
compression fittings, threaded fittings, and push-on fittings.
6. Testing pipes for leaks using air and water pressure gauges.
7. Ensuring legal regulations, safety standards and building
regulations are met.
 LICENSING OF PLUMBERS, THEIR FUNCTIONS:-
1. It is a legal permission for plumbing,
2. Plumbing license means a certificate which shows a plumber has
sufficient education and training about plumbing.

8. A Typical Water Connection

9. There are three principal parts
in Plumbing System:
(i) Water Supply System,
(ii) Wastewater removal system
or Drainage System,
(iii) Plumbing Fixtures.
Water Supply system is a
system in plumbing which
provides and distributes water
to the different parts of the
building or structure, for
purposes such as drinking,
cleaning, washing, culinary
use etc. It includes the water
distributing pipes, control
devices, equipment and other
appurtenances.
A Simple Layout of Water
Supply System in a House

10. Drainage system is
defined as a system
which conveys sewage,
rainwater or other
liquid wastes to a
point of disposal.
Generally, a drainage
system does not
include the mains of
public sewer systems
or a private or a public
sewage treatment or
disposal plants. The
drainage system is not
under pressure and
depends on gravity to
carry the waste to the
sewer.A Simple Layout of Drainage
System in a House

11.  SEWER AIR:-
1. Sewer gas is a complex mixture of toxic and nontoxic
gases produced by sewage.
2. Residential sewer pipes primarily contain the gases
found in air (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.).
 SUPPLY PIPES:-
1. Supply pipes are the smaller pipes that carry water
from company pipe work into the property.
2. A supply pipe is a plumbing line that is used to supply
water from main water line ,which is equipped with
some form of shut-off valve or meter, throughout
homes and commercial buildings.

12. DRAINAGE PIPES & VENT PIPES
Drainage:-
1. The main drainage system is used for collection, transportation
and disposal of the waste water to outlet.
2. In field, drainage system is used for the control the water table.
3. Cast Iron was widely used earlier. Now-a-days Spun Concrete
Pipes, sometimes Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipes are commonly
used in sewer pipe lines.
Vent pipe:-
1. A pipe or a set of pipes installed with drainage system for
flowing air.
2. Protect trap seals from siphonage and back pressure through
the circulation of air within such system.

13. The plumbing system comprises of entire system of piping
fixtures and appliances etc., for the water supply and
drainage system.
A Simple Layout showing Interconnection between Water Supply,
Drainage System & Plumbing Fixtures

14. APPLICATION FOR OBTAINING SUPPLY
CONNECTION
In urban area, people fully depend on piped water supply. There are
very limited alternate sources of water is available to the people.
Migration is one of the main reason for water shortage in urban areas.
People used to come from villages to cities in search of job, school
facilities, medical facilities and many other advanced facilities. All
Indian cities are highly populated and the administration is unable to
supply sufficient water to all people. The water issues increasing day
by day but the government is not in a position to work out a
permanent plan for supplying sufficient amount of water to the
people.
More number of houses are being constructed to fulfil the demands of
the people but at the same time the water pipe connections should
also be increased. The new water pipeline connections must be
sanctioned in a continuous manner and the government must ensure
at-least one water pipe connection to each and every family living in
cities.

15. The plumbing system comprises of :
All Three Figures explaining Water Supply, Drainage System & Plumbing Fixtures
Under Municipality Under House-Owner
Using Separate Sewer
Systems

16. THE END