Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
I6
1.
2. 6-1 Pronunciation of final -s/-es
6-2 Plural forms of nouns
6-3 Subjects, verbs, and objects
6-4 Objects of prepositions
6-5 Prepositions of time
6-6 Word order: place and time
6-7 Subject – verb agreement
6-8 Using adjectives to describe nouns
6-9 Using nouns as adjectives
6-10 Personal pronouns: subjects and objects
6-11 Possessive nouns
6-12 Possessive pronouns and adjectives
6-13 Reflexive pronouns
6-14 Singular forms of other: another vs. the other
6-15 Plural forms of other: other(s) vs. the other(s)
6-16 Summary of forms of other
CONTENTS
14. 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one dream two dreams
one boat two boats
one shoe two shoes
(a)
most plural nouns
add –s
15. 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one wish two wishes
one latch two latches
one glass two glasses
one mix two mixes
(b)
add –es
endings: –sh, –ch, –ss, –x
16. 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one story two stories
one party two parties
(c)
–y –i and add –es
endings: consonant + –y
17. 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one boy two boys
one ray two rays
(d)
add –s
endings: vowel + –y
18. 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one life two lives
one elf two elves
(e)
–fe or –f –ves
endings: –fe or –fExceptions:
beliefs, chiefs,
roofs, cuffs, cliffs
19. 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
PLURAL
one potato two potatoes
one piano two pianos
one zero two zeroes/zeros
(f)
sometimes –oes
sometimes –os
endings: –o
SINGULAR
20. 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one child two children
one goose two geese
one tooth two teeth
(g)
irregular plural forms
21. 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one deer two deer
one sheep two sheep
one species two species
(h)
plural form = singular form
22. 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL
one bacterium two bacteria
one cactus two cacti
one crisis two crises
one phenomenon two phenomena
(i)
foreign plurals
34. Prepositional Phrase =
PREPOSITION + OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
6-4 OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS
subject verb object prep. object
of prep.
Lenny wrote a book about dolphins.(a)
of prep.
The snow fell on the trees.(b)
subject verb object prep. object
39. 6-5 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
IN
(a) I hope to see you in the future.
(b) I like a cup of tea in the morning.
in + the past, the present, the future
in + the morning, the afternoon, the evening
40. 6-5 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
IN
(c) We start school in September.
(d) My son was born in 1975.
(e) We are in the twenty-first century.
(f) The leaves are beautiful in the fall.
in +
a month
a year
a century
a season
41. 6-5 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
ON
(g) They got married on February 14.
(h) Her violin lesson is on Monday.
(i) We eat out on Sunday afternoons.
on + a date
on + a weekday
on + a weekday morning(s),
afternoon(s), evening(s)
42. 6-5 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
AT
(j) We usually have lunch at noon.
(k) She has an appointment at 3:15.
(l) I’m using the computer at the moment.
at + noon, night, midnight
at + “clock time”
at + present, the moment,
the present time
44. 6-5 LET’S PRACTICE
in
on
at
I hope to get a good job __ the future.in
I have an interview __ June 8 __ 3:00.on at
I will graduate __ 2012.in
45. 6-6 WORD ORDER: PLACE AND TIME
Laurette moved to Seattle in 2008.
46. 6-6 WORD ORDER: PLACE AND TIME
S V
Alba went to Rome in October.(a)
PLACE TIME
place time
Alba went in October to Rome.
47. We visited a friend in Caracas in 2006.
6-6 WORD ORDER: PLACE AND TIME
S V
(b)
P T
S-V-O-P-T = Subject – Verb – Object – Place – Time
O
S-V-O-P-T = a basic English sentence structure.
48. 6-6 WORD ORDER: PLACE AND TIME
S V
In October, Alba went to Rome.(c)
PLACETIME
time expression sentence,
Last week, she went to the park.(d)
50. Last spring
6-6 LET’S PRACTICE
Create a sentence.
toMoscow we moved Last spring
we moved to Moscow.
51. to dance lessons on Fridays.They go
6-6 LET’S PRACTICE
Create another sentence.
to dance lessons they go Fridays
they go to dance lessons.On Fridays,
OR
on
54. 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
SINGULAR SINGULAR
(c) Our teacher comes from Madrid.
(d) Our teacher and her son come from Madrid.
subject + and + subject plural verb
PLURAL PLURAL
55. 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
(e) The giant pandas in the zoo eat bamboo.
(f) That money in my back pocket is for the rent.
phrases between subject & verb don’t
change subject / verb agreement
56. 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
(g) There is a star in the sky.
(h) There are many stars in the sky.
There + be + subject something in a
place
v s
v s
verb agrees with noun that follows be
57. 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
(i) Every star is shining.
(j) Everybody/Everyone loves ice cream.
Every a singular word
Subjects with every a singular verb
Every stars
63. 6-8 USING ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE NOUNS
(a) Marcela has a blue car.
words that describe nouns adjectives
ADJ NOUN
64. 6-8 USING ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE NOUNS
(b) The small child is sitting in a large chair.
(c) The colorful sunset makes a lovely picture.
(d) The baby elephants stay near the adult
elephants.
adjectives “modify” nouns
65. 6-8 USING ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE NOUNS
(e) Elephants are interesting animals.
adjectives no plural form
Elephants are
interestings animals.
66. (f) Marcela has a blue car.
Marcela has a car blue.
(g) Orchids are expensive.
(h) Her hair is red.
adjectives + nouns
main verb + adjectives
be
6-8 USING ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE NOUNS
67. 6-8 LET’S PRACTICE
The playful lions are enjoying the cool weather.
Find the Adjective(s)
72. 6-9 USING NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES
(a) Kids love water slides.
(b) The night market has fruits and vegetables.
73. 6-9 USING NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES
(a) Kids love water slides.
(b) The night market has fruits and vegetables.
(c) waters slides
(d) a nights market
noun used as adjective singular
81. 6-10 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND
OBJECTS
SUBJECT PRONOUNS:
OBJECT PRONOUNS:
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
I we you he, she, it they
me us you him, her, it them
(a) Emma is a professor. She has a PhD.
(b) Bill is a kind person. I like him very much.
Emma sheBill him
82. 6-10 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND
OBJECTS
SUBJECT PRONOUNS:
OBJECT PRONOUNS:
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
I we you he, she, it they
me us you him, her, it them
(c) Marcela has a new blue car. It is nice.
new blue car it
83. 6-10 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND
OBJECTS
SUBJECT PRONOUNS:
OBJECT PRONOUNS:
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
I we you he, she, it they
me us you him, her, it them
(d) Ahmid and I are teachers.
(e) Mary met Ahmid and me at our school.
(f) Mary often has lunch with Ahmid and me.
S
pronoun part of subject subject pronoun
pronoun part of object object pronoun
O
O of PREP
84. 6-10 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND
OBJECTS
(d) Ahmid and I are teachers.
(e) Mary also works with Ahmid and me.
(f) Mary often has lunch with Ahmid and me.
pronoun part of subject subject pronoun
pronoun part of object object pronoun
Ahmid and me are teachers.
Mary works with Ahmid and I.
85. 6-10 PERSONAL PRONOUNS: SUBJECTS AND
OBJECTS
SINGULAR PRONOUNS:
PLURAL PRONOUNS:
I me you he, she, it him, her
we us you they them
(g) Emma works hard. She is a good teacher.
(h) The exams are long. They can be difficult.
(i) My husband and I like to travel. We often fly.
singular pronouns singular nounsplural pronoun plural nouns
90. 6-11 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
SINGULAR: (a) Do you know the teacher s name?
‘
PLURAL: (b) Do you know the teachers names?
PLURAL: (c) Do you know the children s names?
‘
‘
SINGULAR
(d) the teacher the teacher’s name
her cat her cat’s name
a woman that woman’s name
(e) Miles Miles’/Miles’s name
91. 6-11 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
SINGULAR
(d) the teacher the teacher’s name
her cat her cat’s name
a woman that woman’s name
(e) Miles Miles’/Miles’ name
SINGULAR POSSESSIVE NOUN:
noun + apostrophe + -s
two possibilities
92. 6-11 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
SINGULAR: (a) Do you know the teacher s name?
‘
PLURAL: (b) Do you know the teachers names?
PLURAL: (c) Do you know the children s names?
‘
‘
PLURAL
(f) the workers the workers’ names
my friends my friends’ names
(g) men men’s names
children the children’s names
93. 6-11 POSSESSIVE NOUNS
PLURAL
(f) the workers the workers’ names
my friends my friends’ names
(g) men men’s names
children the children’s names
PLURAL POSSESSIVE NOUN:
noun + -s + apostrophe
IRREGULAR PLURAL POSSESSIVE NOUN:
noun + apostrophe + -s
99. 6-12 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
The suitcase belongs to me.
(a) It’s mine.
(b) It is my suitcase.
same meaning
possessive pronoun
possessive adjective
100. used alone used only with a noun
6-12 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
(c) I have mine. I have my suitcase.
(d) You have yours. You have your suitcase.
(e) She has hers. She has her suitcase.
(f) He has his. He has his suitcase.
(g) We have ours. We have our suitcases.
(h) You have yours. You have your suitcase.
(i) They have theirs. They have their suitcases.
(j) -------- I have a suitcase. Its
handle is broken.
POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES
101. 6-12 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
COMPARE its vs. it’s:
its = a possessive adjective
it’s = contraction of it + is
(k) I read a great book. Its title is Moby Dick.
(l) It’s wonderful to read a good book.
102. 6-12 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
(m) The travelers have their suitcases.
(n) The suitcases are over there.
(o) They’re very heavy.
COMPARE their vs. there vs. they’re
possessive adjective
an expression of place
they + are
sound
the
same
105. 6-12 LET’S PRACTICE
1. their
2. there
3. they’re
This team is working on a report. _____ boss
wants it by tomorrow. ______ working as fast
as possible. They can finish on time if _____
aren’t any new problems.
Their
They’re
there
107. 6-13 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
subject & object are same person
myself (a) I can see myself in the water.
yourself (b) You saw yourself.
herself (c) She saw herself.
himself (d) He saw himself.
itself (e) It saw itself.
ourselves (f) We saw ourselves.
yourselves (g) You saw yourselves.
themselves (h) They saw themselves.
108. 6-13 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
by + reflexive pronoun = alone
(i) Angela is lonely when she eats out by herself.
(j) Sometimes I enjoy eating by myself.
109. 6-13 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
enjoy (and other verbs) reflexive pronoun
(k) Angela usually enjoys herself.
pinch yourself be proud of yourself
kill yourself
help yourselfblame yourself
teach yourself
113. 6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS.
THE OTHER
May I have another piece
of pizza?
114. another – “one more of a group”
another = an + other
6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS.
THE OTHER
ANOTHER
(a) I already ate one cookie,
but I want another one.
115. the other – “last one in a
specific group”
6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS.
THE OTHER
THE OTHER
(b) I’ll eat one cookie.
I’ll give you the other one.
116. 6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS.
THE OTHER
(c) He ate one cookie.
another cookie.
another one.
another.
Then he ate
117. 6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS.
THE OTHER
(c) He ate one cookie.
another cookie.
another one.
another.
Then he ate
(d) He ate one cookie.
the other cookie.
the other one.
the other.
Then he ate
ation for
we need
imation
rt (d)
118. another, the other can be
adjectives noun
6-14 SINGULAR FORMS OF OTHER: ANOTHER VS.
THE OTHER
THE OTHER
(c) He ate one cookie.
another cookie.
another one.
another.
Then he ate
(d) He ate one cookie.
the other cookie.
the other one.
the other.
Then he ate
or alone as pronouns
120. 6-14 LET’S PRACTICE
Here are two animals.
One is a guinea pig; _______ is a mouse.
another
the other
the other
121. 6-14 LET’S PRACTICE
Here are three animals.
One is a guinea pig.
________ is an elephant.
________ is a dog.
another
the other
The other
Another
122. 6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS.
THE OTHER(S)
There are other paintings
in Mary’s studio.
123. 6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS.
THE OTHER(S)
There are many paintings in Mary’s studio. Mary is
working on one of them.
(a) There are other paintings on the wall.
(b) There are other ones on the chair.
(adjective) + (noun)
(adjective) + (ones)
several more out of a group
other + plural noun or ones
OTHER(S)
124. 6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS.
THE OTHER(S)
(c) There are others on the wall.
(pronoun)
others = other paintings
OTHER(S)
125. 6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS.
THE OTHER(S)
There are five paintings on the floor. Ann is going to
buy one of them.
(d) Lin is going to buy the other paintings.
(e) Lin is going to buy the other ones.
(adjective) + (noun)
last ones in a group
THE OTHER(S)
the other + (noun or ones)
(adjective) + (ones)
126. 6-15 PLURAL FORMS OF OTHER: OTHER(S) VS.
THE OTHER(S)
There are five paintings on the floor. Ann is going to
buy one of them.
(f) Lin is going to buy the others.
THE OTHER(S)
(pronoun)
the others = other paintings
127. 6-15 LET’S PRACTICE
One of these fruits is a lemon,
and _______ is a pear.the other
other
others
the other
the others
128. 6-15 LET’S PRACTICE
One of these fruits is an orange;
________ are both apples.the others
other
others
the other
the others
129. I ate one kebab, but I’m still hungry.
I want to eat ________ one.
6-15 LET’S PRACTICE
another
another
other
others
the other
the others
131. 6-16 SUMMARY OF FORMS OF OTHER
SINGULAR
ADJECTIVE
I think I’ll have
another cookie.
SINGULAR
PRONOUN
I’ll have
another
too, please.
132. 6-16 SUMMARY OF FORMS OF OTHER
PLURAL
ADJECTIVE
The chocolate ones are
good, but I like the other
cookies better.
SINGULAR
PRONOUN
Some of the cookies
are chocolate; others
are vanilla creme.
133. 6-16 SUMMARY OF FORMS OF OTHER
Ben will eat one cookie
and leave the other cookie
for Rachel.
SINGULAR
ADJECTIVE
Ben will eat one and
leave the other for
Rachel.
SINGULAR
PRONOUN
134. Jill will eat one and
leave the others for
Ahmed.
6-16 SUMMARY OF FORMS OF OTHER
Jill will eat one cookie
and leave the other
cookies for Ahmed.
PLURAL
ADJECTIVE
PLURAL
PRONOUN
other + -s only as a plural pronoun
135. 6-16 LET’S PRACTICE
One of our friends wants to go to the movies.
_________ wants to go dancing.
_________ want to stay home and play video games.
Another
The others
other the other
others the others
another
136. 6-16 LET’S PRACTICE
Two of the triplets are girls.
_________ is a boy.The other
other the other
others the others
another
137. 6-16 LET’S PRACTICE
One thing to do for good
health is to eat healthy food.
_______ one is to have hobbies.
_______ things include exercising
and sleeping well. A very important
one is not to smoke.
Another
Other
other the other
others the others
another