From mRNA to Protein

2. a. Describe the process of translation
b. Determine the sequence of amino acids
from a given strand of mRNA and codon
tables
c. Understand how a polypeptide is built,
one amino acid at a time, in the different
docking sites of the ribosome.

3. 1. What is the function of DNA?
- carries the genes or instructions needed
for an organism to develop, survive and
reproduce.
2. What are the three types of RNA?
- mRNA, trNA, rRNA
3. What is the role of mRNA?
-carry protein information from DNA in a
cell’s nucleus to cell’s cytoplasm
4. Why can’t DNA leave the nucleus but
mRNA can?
- It is protected by nuclear membrane from
most of the things that might damage it.
Example, viruses can’t change the DNA
because they would have to enter the
nucleus to do so, and, it’s big to get out
of the nucleus.

5. After building an
mRNA that now
contains the
necessary
instructions, it
will leave the
nucleus to be
greeted by a
ribosome that will
use its translation
instructions to
construct a
protein or
polypeptide which
involves the tRNA
and rRNA

11.  https://wordwall.net/resource/13004137/bi
ology/amino-acid-codon-chart

15.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA

16.  Ribosome assembles around the mRNA to be
read and the 1st tRNA (carrying the amino
acid methionine, w/c matches the start
codon, AUG).

18.  Amino acid gets longer
 The mRNA is read one codon at a time, and
amino acid matching each codon is added to
agrowing protein chain.
 tRNA’s move through the A,P, E sites of
ribosomes. This process repeats many times
as new codons are read and new amino acids
are added to the chain.

20.  Finished polypeptide is released. It begins
when a stop codon (UAG, UAA, or UGA)
enters the ribosome, triggering a series of
events that separate the chain from its tRNA
allow it to drift out of the ribosome.

24. 1. Which of the following is NOT a necessary
component of translation?
A. anticodon
B. mRNA
C. ligase
D. amino acid

25. 1. Proteins contain ____ different amino
acids, whereas DNA and RNA are composed
of ___ different nucleotides
A.20, 64
B. 3, 20
C. 4, 20
D. 20, 4

26. 3. A Cell builds it's proteins from the
Instructions encoded in its _________
A.Cytoplasm
B. Cell Membrane
C. Amino acid
D. Lysosome
E. Genome

27. 4. The anticodon of tRNA binds with
A. nucleic bases of mRNA
B. codons of tRNA
C. nucleic bases of rRNA
D. amino acid

28. 5. Translation takes place in the
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. chloroplast