Role of Intellectual Property Rights in vegetable technology transfer

1. IPR

4. 4
We are
currently living
in an era of
encashing the
knowledge.
President
Lincoln once
remarked that
“Patent system
adds fuel of
interest to the
fire of genius”.
Monetizing the
innovation and
invention is
beneficial to
the inventor
and society.
A nation’s
ability to
convert
knowledge into
wealth and
social good
through process
of innovation
will determine
its future.

5. Intellectual Property Rights
• Intellectual property rights (IPRs) can be
defined as the rights given to people over the
creation of their minds. They usually give the
creator an exclusive right over the use of
his/her creations for a certain period of time.

6. IPR
Plant
Variety
Protection
Geographic
al
Indications
Trademark
Designs
Trade
Secret
Copyrights
Patents

7. Legislations covering IPRs in India
1958
• Trademark; A new trademarks act 1999, has been enacted suspending the earlier Trade and
Merchandise marks act 1958. The amended act came into force from sept 15 2003.
1970
• Patent; the patent act was amended in 1999 and 2002. The amended act after the amendments
made in 2002 came into force on May 20, 2003.
1999
• Geographical Indication; The G.I of goods (Registration and protection) Act
2000
• Design; A new design act 2000 has been enacted suspending the earlier designs act 1911.
2001
• Protection of Plant varieties and farmers rights act 2001.
2003
• National Biological Diversity Act.

8. OBJECTIVES OF IPRs
Performance level of Institutions
Recognition and financial benefits
Competition
Return on Investment
Fastening Technology Transfer
Social Benefits

9. Advantages
• They are for unlimited duration.
• The cost of filling, contesting and
enforcing patent is saved.
• The risk of someone improving
upon the product, process, etc is
minimised.
Drawbacks
• Maintaining a trade secret itself is a
costly affair.
• It offers no protection from
independent innovation invention.
• Non disclosure of the invention and
innovation
TRADE SECRET

10. COPYRIGHT
• It provides protection for a specified period and only from reproduction of the copyright
material. Biotechnology copyright protection is available for DNA sequences.
• In the case of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, the duration of copyright is
the lifetime of the author or artist, and 60 years counted from the year following the
death of the author.
1.Literary
work
1.Musical
work
Artistic
work
Cinematog
raph film
1.Sound
recording
Photographs
computer
generated
work

11. Property which cannot be patented
A scientific principle
or an abstract theory
A discovery of new
property or new use
for known substance
A method of
agriculture or
horticulture.
Patents are granted for
An invention
(including a product)
Innovation/improvem
ent in an invention.
Process/product of an
invention
PATENTS

12. Patent Requirements
Novelty Inventivene
ss
Industrial
Application
and
Usefulness
Patentabilit
y
Disclosure

13. Limits of Patent
Limitation of Space
A patent is valid only
in the country of its
ward and not in other
countries
Limitation of Time
A patent is valid for a
specific period i.e 15-
20 years

14. Patent Filing Procedure in India

15. Patents Granted for Vegetable Crops in US
Year Crop Patent No. Brief Discussion about Invention (Product/Process)
2004 Cabbage 682532
Invention of thermogenic genes (SjUCPa and SjUCPb)
derived from skunk cabbage.
2004 Cucumber 527165 Cucumber sandwich
2004 Brinjal 6753462
Transgenic plants over-expressing a transgene encoding a
calcium binding protein or peptide (CaBP).
2002 Brinjal 453238 Eggplant soap.
2000 Brinjal 6023013
Transgenic plants and transformed host cells, which express
modified Cly3B genes with enhanced toxicity to
Coleopteran insects.
2000 Cucumber 6084152
A transgenic plant that produces high levels of super oxide
dismutase (SOD) and to a method for producing the
transgenic plant.
Kannaiyan et al., 2008

16. Patents Granted in SKUAST-K during 2021
Patent Name/ Title Patent No.
Name of the
Pantantee
Table top Paddle operated NAIP Charkha
Cashmere (Pashmina) fiber
358378
Prof. Sarfaraz Ah. Wani
(Director Research)
Novel method for Hydrolyzing Keratinous
waster & use thereof
IN384891-
SKUAST
Dr. Imtiyaz Murtaza
(Prof. & Head Basic
Sciences)
Mistletoe Eradicator: Developing a device for
controlling Mistletoe in Walnut & other trees
340843
Dr. Khursheed Ahmad
(Asstt. Professor, Plant
Pathology)
Estimation of mineral oil residues in soil &
apple fruit by GC with flame ionization detection
20181100295
4A
Dr. Malik Mukhtar
(Associate Professor,
Entomology)

17. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION
Indications which
identify a good as
originating in the
territory or a region or a
locality in that territory,
where given quality,
reputation or
characteristics of the
good is essentially
attributable to its
geographic origin.
Duration of GIs.
The registration of a GI
shall be for a period of
10 years but may be
renewed from time to
time for an unlimited
period by payment of
the reneval fee.

18. Darjeeling tea was the first product to
be tagged with GI in 2004.
Kashmiri Saffron received GI tag in 2019

19. How to apply for Geographical Indication Tagging

20. Crop Name State Specific Character
Chilli Naga Mircha (Capsicum chinense) Nagaland High Pungency
Guntur Sannam Chilli (Capsicum
annum)
Andhra Pradesh Pungency & Colour
Byadagi Chilli (Capsicum annum) Karnataka Colour & Oleoresin
Mizo Bird’s Eye Chilli (Capsicum
chinense)
Mizoram Pungency
Brinjal Udupi Mattu Gulla Brinjal Karnataka Unique Taste
Jalgaon Brinjal Karnataka Taste
Onion Banglore Rose Onion Karnataka Bulb Shape &
Pungency
Lasalgaon Onion Maharashtra Aroma, Shelf life &
Colour
Bean Waghya Ghevada Maharashtra Taste & rich in Protein
Kishore, 2018
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION TAGS IN VEGETABLE CROPS

22. Plant Variety Protection
India signatory
to WTO
agreements has
to abide by
TRIPS
regulations
which demands
member
countries to
protect plant
varieties either
by patent or sui
generis system
or combination
of two.
India chose sui
generis system
and passed PPV
and FR Act
2001.
The rules under
this act were
notified in 2003.
PPV and FR
authority was
established in
2005.
Now more than
147 crop
species notified
(including
cotton, jute,
sugarcane,
vegetables(Tom
ato, Brinjal,
Chilli, Capsicum
etc) oilseeds,
spices, flower
and fruit crops)

23. Protection of Plant Varieties and
Rights of Farmers
Recognition of farmers
contribution
To Protect Plant Breeders’ Rights
To facilitate the growth of Seed
Industry
Objectives of PPV & FR Act, 2001

24. Group No. Crop Species
Vegetables 24
Tomato, Brinjal, Okra, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Potato, Onion, Garlic, Bottle
gourd, Pointed Gourd, Amaranthus, Ridge gourd, Spinach, Bitter gourd,
Pumpkin, Cucumber, Watermelon, Muskmelon, Paprika, Chilli, Bell Pepper,
Elephant Foot yam, Taro, Pea
Spices 6 Black pepper, Small cardamom, Coriander, Fenugreek, Ginger, Turmeric
Fruits 18
Mango, Almond, Walnut, Cherry, Apricot, Apple, Pear, Pomegranate, Grape,
Ber, Acid lime, Mandarin, Sweet orange, Banana, Papaya, Peach, Japanese
Plum, Strawberry
Flowers &
Ornamentals
13
Rose, Chrysanthemum, Bamboo Leaf Orchid, Spray Orchid, Vanda or Blue
Orchid, Orchids (Cattleya, Phalaenopsis), Bougainvillea, Orchid (Oncidium),
Canna, Gladiolus, Jasmine, Tuberose, China Aster
Medicinal and
Aromatic plants
5 Isabgol, Mint, Damask Rose, Periwinkle, Brahmi
CROP SPECIES NOTIFIED FOR REGISTRATION

25. VARIETIES THAT CAN BE
PROTECTED
New Variety -
Section 15 (1)
Extant Variety
Section 2 (j)
15(2)
• Notified under
Seeds Act, 1966
• Farmers Variety
• Variety of Common
Knowledge
Essentially
Derived Variety
Section 2 (i), 23

26. CRITERIA FOR
REGISTRATION
Section 15 (1):
A new variety
Section 15
(3) a:
Novelty
Section 15
(3) b:
Distinctive
ness
Section 15
(3) c:
Uniformity
Section 15
(3) d:
Stability

27. DUS TEST CENTRES
Reference varieties are
needed for comparing
with candidate variety
during DUS test.
143 DUS test Centers notified
by the Authority have been
mandated and supported to:
carry out DUS tests
Maintenance of
reference varieties of
notified crop species
characterization of the
varieties in reference
collection/ public domain
for updating the database.

28. DUS TEST CENTRES FOR VEGETABLE CROPS
Sweet Potato and Cassava ICAR- Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Kerala
Elephant Foot yam & Taro ICAR-Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops Research
Institute, Odisha
Coriander, Fenugreek ICAR - National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer
Rajasthan
Turmeric, Ginger, Black Pepper and
Small Cardamom
ICAR- Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kerala
Okra, Brinjal, Tomato, Pea (vegetable),
Kidney bean Bitter Gourd, Pointed Gourd,
Bottle Gourd, Cucumber, Pumpkin
ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi
Chilli, Bell Pepper and Paprika,
Amaranthus, Ridge Gourd, Spinach
Division of Vegetable Crops, ICAR - Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research, Bangalore
Cabbage and Cauliflower Division of Vegetable Science, IARI, New Delhi
Onion & Garlic ICAR- Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research
Maharashtra
Watermelon and Muskmelon ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Rajasthan

29. Submission of application form
Initial scrutiny
Receipt of acknowledgement
Advertisement of application
in Gazette of India
Invitations of objections
within 3 months
Acopyof opposition notice
referred by registrarto
applicant
Acceptance aftervalidation
of information
Counter statement by
applicant within 2 months
Registrar shall hear
both the parties
Variety Registration Approach
Registrar refer a copy of counter
statement to opposition and
requiring submission of
final opposition
After considering evidences,
Registrar may uphold or
reject opposition
Conduct DUS test
(2 years at 2 location)
Found distinct, uniform,
stable and new
Issue of certification
of registration
Publication of contents of
certificate and invites claims
of benefit sharing
If claims are found to be genuine,
breeder has to deposit amount
of benefit sharing
On receiving claims authority
send a copy of claims to breeder
of registered variety

30. Fee for Registration
S.No. Type of Variety Registration fee
1 Extant variety notified under section 5
of the seed act 1966
Rs. 2000/-
2 New Variety/Essentially Derived
Variety (EDV)/Extant Variety about
which there is common Knowledge
(VCK)
Individual Rs. 7000/-
Educational Inst. Rs. 10,000/-
Commercial Rs. 50,000/-
3 Farmers Varieties NO FEE

31. DURATION OF PROTECTION
Period of Protection (in Years)
Years Initial Extended
Trees & Vines 18 9 9
Other Crops 15 6 9
Extant Notified
varieties
15 from date of notification of variety
under the Seeds Act, 1966.

32. New Varieties Registered under PPV & FR Act 2001
Crop
Denomination of
the Candidate
Variety
Name of Applicant
Date of
certificate
issue
Protection
period up to
Provisional protection
claim
Tomato SYN-TO-2T 526 Syngenta India Limited 29-Oct-2020 28-Oct-2035
01-Nov-2013 to 29-Oct-
2020
Cabbage 5A
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited
24-Mar-2021 23-Mar-2036
27-Dec-2010 to 24-Mar-
2021
Brinjal
BIO-E11
DCM Shriram Limited 20-Apr-2021 19-Apr-2036
17-Sep-2013 to 20-Apr-
2021
Tomato TM 61483 Mahyco Private Limited 16-Jun-2021 15-Jun-2036
23-Dec-2010 to 16-Jun-
2021
Okra KOL 1164
Kaveri Seed Company
Limited
16-Jun-2021 15-Jun-2036
15-Feb-2011 to 16-Jun-
2021
Okra KOL 1163
Kaveri Seed Company
Limited
16-Jun-2021 15-Jun-2036
15-Feb-2011 to 16-Jun-
2021
Okra KOL 1162
Kaveri Seed Company
Limited
16-Jun-2021 15-Jun-2036
15-Feb-2011 to 16-Jun-
2021

33. New Varieties Registered under PPV & FR Act 2001
Crop
Denomination of
the Candidate
Variety
Name of Applicant
Date of
certificate issue
Protection
period up to
Provisional protection
claim
Okra KOL 1155
Kaveri Seed
Company Limited
16-Jun-2021 15-Jun-2036
15-Feb-2011 to 16-Jun-
2021
Brinjal
BJ 60309
Mahyco Private
Limited 16-Jun-2021 15-Jun-2036
15-Jun-2012 to 16-Jun-
2021
Tomato BA-1006
Nuziveedu Seeds
Ltd.
5-Jul-2021 4-Jul-2036
28-Dec-2010 to 05-Jul-
2021
Brinjal AEL-172
Ajeet Seeds Ltd
5-Jul-2021 4-Jul-2036
18-Oct-2019 to 05-Jul-
2021
Brinjal AEL-194
Ajeet Seeds Ltd
5-Jul-2021 4-Jul-2036
18-Oct-2019 to 05-Jul-
2021
Brinjal AEL-114-1
Ajeet Seeds Ltd
5-Jul-2021 4-Jul-2036
18-Oct-2019 to 05-Jul-
2021

34. Extant Varieties Registered under PPV & FR Act 2001
Crop
Denomination of
the Candidate
Variety
Name of
Applicant
Date of
certificate issue
Protection period
up to
Provisional
protection claim
Garlic
Phule Baswant
(P.B-Sel.2)
Mahatma Phule
Krishi
Vidyapeeth,
Rahuri
8-Dec-2020 16-Aug-2035
04-Sep-2019 to
08-Dec-2020
Potato LUCINDA
HZPC Holland
B.V.
28-Jan-2021
27-Jan-2036
23-Oct-2012 to
28-Jan-2021
Potato
COLOMBA
HZPC Holland
B.V. 28-Jan-2021 27-Jan-2036
10-Sep-2014 to
28-Jan-2021
Potato
IVORY RUSSET
ZPC Holland B.V.
28-Jan-2021 27-Jan-2036
10-Sep-2014 to
28-Jan-2021
Watermelon
NFS-606
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited
10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036 12-May-2015 to
10-Mar-2021
Bottle gourd BG-1023
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited
10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036 25-Apr-2014 to
10-Mar-2021

35. Extant Varieties Registered under PPV & FR Act 2001
Crop
Denomination of
the Candidate
Variety
Name of
Applicant
Date of
certificate issue
Protection
period up to
Provisional protection claim
Bottle
gourd
BG-1012
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited
10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036
25-Apr-2014 to 10-Mar-2021
Bottle
gourd
BG-1013
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited
10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036
25-Apr-2014 to 10-Mar-2021
Bottle
gourd
BG-1027
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited
10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036
25-Apr-2014 to 10-Mar-2021
Okra OK-607
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited
10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036
21-Nov-2013 to 10-Mar-2021
Brinjal NBJ-36
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited
10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036 12-Apr-2012 to 10-Mar-2021
Tomato FN-9016
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited
10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036
27-Dec-2010 to 10-Mar-2021

36. Extant Varieties Registered under PPV & FR Act 2001
Crop
Denomination of
the Candidate
Variety
Name of
Applicant
Date of
certificate issue
Protection
period up to
Provisional protection claim
Cucumber NCU-1287
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited 10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036 25-Apr-2014 to 09-Mar-2021
Cucumber NCU-1288
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited 10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036 25-Apr-2014 to 09-Mar-2021
Tomato NTF-9012
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited 10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036
04-Jan-2011 to 09-Mar-2021
Cauliflower NCFD-7116
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited 10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036 27-Dec-2010 to 09-Mar-2021
Bitter
gourd
NBI-3014
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited 10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036 25-Apr-2014 to 08-Mar-2021
Bitter
gourd
NBI-3025
Nuziveedu Seeds
Limited 10-Mar-2021 9-Mar-2036 25-Apr-2014 to 08-Mar-2021

37. Farmers Varieties Registered under PPV & FR Act 2001
Crop
Denomination of
the Candidate
Variety
Name of
Applicant
Date of
certificate issue
Protection
period up to
Provisional protection claim
Brinjal PATAKATA
Asim Kumar
Mahato 19-Feb-2020 18-Feb-2035 05-Apr-2016 to 19-Feb-2020
Brinjal KANTA MAKRA Dipak Mondal 19-Feb-2020 18-Feb-2035 06-Apr-2016 to 19-Feb-2020
Brinjal LURKI
Bhramar Bauri
19-Feb-2020 18-Feb-2035 17-Jan-2014 to 19-Feb-2020
Tomato Tamatar-20
Ramchela Shah
4-Aug-2020 3-Aug-2035 09-Feb-2015 to 04-Aug-2020
Brinjal CHANCHAL
Shankar Rao
Chouhan 4-Aug-2020 3-Aug-2035 03-Feb-2016 to 04-Aug-2020
Cauliflower Arli Kuwanri
Bindeshwar
Prasad Singh 4-Aug-2020 3-Aug-2035 08-Oct-2015 to 04-Aug-2020

38. Farmers Varieties Registered under PPV & FR Act 2001
Crop
Denomination of
the Candidate
Variety
Name of
Applicant
Date of
certificate issue
Protection
period up to
Provisional protection claim
Tomato Gulsan
Dilip Kumar
Singh 4-Aug-2020 3-Aug-2035 30-Oct-2014 to 04-Aug-2020
Chilli
CHILLI QUEEN
(SIMA)
Sumanta Misra 12-Nov-2020 11-Nov-2035 19-Oct-2015 to 12-Nov-2020
Tomato Cheti Tamatar
Shri Rameshwar
Tiwari
12-Nov-2020 11-Nov-2035 24-Jul-2014 to 12-Nov-2020
Fenugreek Jatni Ashok Mehta 15-Feb-2021 14-Feb-2036 15-May-2015 to 15-Feb-2021
Brinjal
BEGUNG
(Panthan)
Loko Farmer's
Club
20-Apr-2021 19-Apr-2036 14-Oct-2013 to 20-Apr-2021
Brinjal Baigan-GL
Shri Birendra
Singh
16-Jun-2021 15-Jun-2036 16-Feb-2015 to 16-Jun-2021

39. An exclusive right of
the breeder or his
successor to produce,
sell, market, distribute,
import or export the
variety
A breeder may
authorize any person to
produce, sell, market or
otherwise deal with
the variety registered
under this act
Use of other protected
variety for research and
developing new variety
without paying any
royalty
BREEDERS' RIGHTS - SECTION 28 (1)

40. Farmers’ Rights
India is the first
country to provide
farmers’ rights
Registration of
Traditional variety
or a new variety
developed in their
fields
A farmer is entitled
to save, use, sow, re-
sow, exchange, share
or sell his farm
produce including
seed of a variety
protected under this
Act.

41. cont.
Right to
compensation
[Section 39(2)]
Right for Benefit
Sharing
[Section 26]
Exemption for fees
[Section 44]

42. Not being a breeder sells,
exports, imports or
produces registered variety
without permission of
registered breeder
Uses, sells, exports or
imports any variety giving
such variety the
denomination identical or
deceptively similar to
denomination of variety
registered under act
In the above two cases
infringement suit can be
filed against the infringer
before civil court
restraining him from
committing infringement
INFRINGEMENT - SECTION 64

43. National Gene Fund
National Gene Fund
established on 26
March 2007 under
the Section 45 of
the PPV&FR Act,
2001
For supporting the
conservation and
sustainable use of
genetic resources
including in-situ and
ex-situ collections

44. Awards / Reward / Recognition
Plant Genome Saviour Community Awards
(max. 5, consisting of a citation, memento and cash of Rupees Ten
lakh each)
Plant Genome Saviour Farmer Reward
(max. 10, consisting of citation, memento and cash of Rupees one
lakh each)
Plant Genome Saviour Farmer Recognition
(max. 20, consisting of a citation and memento)
AWARDS, REWARDS AND
RECOGNITIONS

45. Reasonable Seed Price [Section 47]
Farmers have the
right to access
seed of registered
varieties at a
reasonable and
remunerative
price

46. IPR reward creativity and human endeavor which
fuel the progress of humankind
PPV& FR Act is a balanced approach. Substantive
progress has been made in the implementation of
the act
The Act recognizes breeders, researchers and
farmers’ rights
Good response from seed industry, agricultural
research institutes, and farming communities.
Global acceptability of farmers rights
Conclusion