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LCS 364
British Literature II
Topics for Final Paper
November 20, 2015
The final paper for LCS 364 should take the form of a five to
seven (5-7) page paper on one of the topics below. This should
be an argumentative paper that defends a particular thesis with
respect to the topic. The paper should contain at least two
scholarly sources. All citations should be in MLA format, and
the paper must be in Times New Roman font. For other
guidelines on paper format, consult the syllabus. Papers not
meeting these requirements may have to be re-submitted and/or
incur a point penalty. Papers will be graded on the depth and
thoughtfulness of their consideration of the topic, among other
factors.
This paper is due on Sunday, December 13th, by 8 p.m. Please
note that no extensions can be given for this paper.
1. As discussed in class, celebrity has been a factor in British
literary history since the emergence of a mass reading audience.
In a five to seven page paper that uses examples both from class
readings and contemporary society, argue for or against the
value of celebrity in the cultural life of the nation. Your paper
should strike a relatively equal balance between contemporary
and literary examples: in other words, while you are welcome to
use examples from contemporary American life, your paper
should maintain an equal focus on authors or works from the
LCS 364 syllabus.
2. With the average user spending just under two hours a day on
it, social media is often considered to be having a negative
impact on public life. Using one or more works from the class,
consider what British literary texts might have to say about this
alleged social media ‘crisis.’ What would Jane Austen (or
Elizabeth Bennet), think about today’s social media landscape?
Does she seem to respect, for example, the tendency to seek
public approval for one’s life choices? Through a consideration
of works read for the class, take a position with respect to the
dangers and benefits of social media.
3. A topic of your own choosing. If you have an idea for a paper
unrelated to the above topics, come talk to me about it. Students
choosing their own topic MUST get approval from me by
December 1st.
Smith 1
Mary Smith
Bill Coleman
Intellectual Heritage 852 Section xxx
February 27, 2015
The Correct Way to Format an Essay
First, select Times New Roman as the font and 12 as the font
size. Make sure the paragraph is set to double space, and that
you have checked the dialog box in “Paragraph” that says:
“Don’t add space between paragraphs of the same style.” The
heading, which includes your name, your teacher’s name, the
course name and the date the paper is due, goes in the upper left
corner of your paper. It is double-spaced like the body of the
paper. The title of your paper should be centered and in the
same font as the body of the paper. Do not use bold or
underlining. Remember to capitalize the first word and all
important words of the title.
Indent the first line of each paragraph. Do not skip an extra line
between paragraphs. Space once after each punctuation mark.
Do not space before a punctuation mark. If your essay is longer
than one page, insert the page number on the right side of the
header. To do this, open the header and use the tab key to move
the cursor to the right. Type your last name and then use the
menu bar to insert the correct page number. Remember to select
Times New Roman as your font and 12 as the font size just as
you did for the text of your paper.
If you follow the above instructions, your paper should look
like this page. Note that to quote from The Sixth Extinction,
you need merely put the passage in quotation marks followed by
the appropriate page number (Kolbert, p. 224).
Sheet1INTROBODY 1BODY 2BODY 3BODY
4CONCLUSIONOrganizationLandSeaKolbert strong/not so
strong/1/1/2/2/3/1Writing: free of distractingFormatting: as
pererrors? Academic voice?formatting sheet?Base verb tense in
present?/12.5/12.5/1.5/1/25
&"Times New Roman,Regular"IH 852 Fall, 2015 Bill Coleman,
Instructor
Prompt / Rubric for Final Paper
In the 5th century B.C., Herodotus tells us, the king of Persia
decided to attack the Greeks. All his advisors applauded except
a certain Artabanus who pointed to 2 problems: the land and the
sea. 2500 years later, a different form of attack is taking place:
the expansion of the human species as a whole and the takeover
by our species of the surface of the Earth. This is a process
very different from a military invasion but the results may be
far more devastating. Like Artabanus 2500 years ago, Elizabeth
Kolbert points to the land and the sea.
Describe Kolbert’s organization of chapters in The Sixth
Extinction. Describe the threats to creatures living on land.
Describe the threats to creatures living in the sea. What part of
The Sixth Extinction best explains to you the overall crisis
which our species is causing? Is there any way in which
Kolbert fails to make her case?
Sheet2
Sheet3
Sheet1INTROBODY 1BODY 2BODY 3BODY
4CONCLUSIONOrganizationLandSeaKolbert strong/not so
strongThis paragraph should You're using 3 paragraphs
here.You are writing "In conclusion"How does sheintroduce the
book as aI think that in 1 paragraph youislands on dry
land=ocean acidification:before you have createdbring these
thingswhole, not the organizationcan summarize K's strategy
forfragments as per ouryou're not telling theyour critique of the
booktogether? Takeof the book. Prologue islaying out her
argument.question re "darkstory that K. tells reas a
whole.another look at very interesting, but mustNote that this
book is both asynergy."calcification.If Body 1 can explain
K'syour Body 1.move on….study of extinction and of theWhat
is the main problem?strategy, Body 4 canidea of
extinction….better evaluate the
result.0.750.81.61.51.50.6/1/1/2/2/3/1Writing: free of
distractingFormatting: as pererrors? Academic voice?formatting
sheet?lots of rich details here. If you can rethink your Body 1,
your entireBase verb tense in present?critique will be stronger.
Note that as Crutzen tells us (see Test #3), there is8one central
cause of the greatest problems we are causing on both land and
sea./12.5good academic voiceAll good but must put your
titlePerhaps we can talk before you rewrite. in center; put
teacher's nameentails=/= enablesbelow yours, and put booksea
creates? Piercing?title in italics/12.510.25/1.5/1/25
In the 5th century B.C., Herodotus tells us, the king of Persia
decided to attack the Greeks. All his advisors applauded except
a certain Artabanus who pointed to 2 problems: the land and the
sea. 2500 years later, a different form of attack is taking place:
the expansion of the human species as a whole and the takeover
by our species of the surface of the Earth. This is a process
very different from a military invasion but the results may be
far more devastating. Like Artabanus 2500 years ago, Elizabeth
Kolbert points to the land and the sea.
Describe Kolbert’s organization of chapters in The Sixth
Extinction. Describe the threats to creatures living on land.
Describe the threats to creatures living in the sea. What part of
The Sixth Extinction best explains to you the overall crisis
which our species is causing? Is there any way in which
Kolbert fails to make her case?
Sheet2
Sheet3
Yuan 1
Yaozong Yuan
Bill Coleman
Intellectual Heritage 852 Section 082
12.4.2015
Elizabeth Kolbert: The Sixth
Extinction
Elizabeth Kolbert organizes the chapters in the sixth extinction
in Romanic aspects. Each roman number entails a chapter in
which Kolbert clearly defines the subject matter and the theme
revealed in the specific chapter. The chapter’s organization
starts with a prologue, which gives an overview of what the
book entails. Firstly, the prologue dates back to two hundred
thousand years when new species started to emerge. The species
have had a versatile knowledge of geographical movement
ranging from seas, lands, plateaus and mountain ranges. The
species faced no constraints of geographical location, climate
restrictions, predators, preys as well as different habitation. In
fact, wherever the species settled they adapted the habitat and
even innovated in the specific habitat.
However, the problem arises when the initial species found in
the habitats by the travelers lacks the skill of defending and
securing themselves from the newcomers. The resultant of the
ill-equipped aspect leads the initial species to succumb
(Kolbert, 4), thus clearing the way for the newcomers to
habituate and have dominion over the initial species. To some
extent, the initial species upon succumbing they go to an extinct
since most of them are slow inbreeding, and thus they become
wiped out. Similarly, the intrusion of newcomers brings rise to
survival for the fitness and thus the cycle continues. On the
other hand, the Homo sapiens species reproduces at an
unprecedented rate, (Kolbert, p.15) thus doubling its population,
thus leading to the clearance of large forest to provide
settlements for the Homo sapiens. Clearing of the forests makes
organisms shift from one locality to another, change of the
atmospheric composition, alteration of the climate and
chemistry in the forest, extinction becomes high and thus an
overall change in the life texture of species.
The first chapter, titled The Sixth Extinction (Kolbert, p.4),
raises the curtain by introducing the frog species and their
endangered outcomes. The extinction aspect had entirely spread
among the golden-skinned frog species around the El Valle
hills. The disappearance of the frogs was at an alarming rate
that came into the notice of biologists. As a result, golden from
species was conformed indoors due to insufficient lab facilities,
where they stood treated as guests checked in a five-star hotel.
The extinction of golden frog gave Kolbert an awaking
reasoning of the extinction of other species such as dinosaurs,
plesiosaurs, ammonites among others. The chapter reflects an
image of yellow-legged frogs on top of a cliff all dead. One
would care to wonder the cause of the death of the frogs as the
picture appears to trigger a head scratching thought. Studies
also indicate that lasts of amphibians could have existed and
gone extinct without any notice. The fact of been unnoticed
affirms to herpetologists statements that amphibians fossils are
very fragile and thus so rare.
The second chapter titled The Mastodon’s Molars, (Kolbert,
p.26) takes a reflection of the effigy left behind as proves that
such animals once existed. The chapter relates to a child been
given a dinosaur toy yet he has never come across one.
Similarly, the chapter goes ahead to indicate that during the
Renaissance period marked by great scholars such as Aristotle
the term and idea of extinction were far from the mind. During
that time, most historical books such as the History of Animals
by Aristotle and Linnaeus, (Kolbert, p.29) contribution in the
binomial nomenclature only viewed the living and dead
organism but not the extinct species.
The following chapters also precedent themselves in Roman
numbers starting from Roman I which curtain raises the idea of
extinction and the extinct species all the way to Roman number
XII titled The Thing with Feathers, (Kolbert, p.259).
Chapter VI titled The Sea aroundUs, (Kolbert, p.111) took a
look at the endangered sea species. The one aspect that puts sea
creatures in danger is the emission of carbon dioxide gases from
the violent volcanic eruptions. Once the gas reaches the sea, it
dissolves in water to form an acidic composition. When the gas
dissolves in water it is absorbed into the system of sea creates.
Upon reaching the breathing systems, it clogs the respiratory
systems thus leading to suffocation and even death.
Also, waste products from industries directed along the sea
forms a coat around the sea. As a result, air circulation is
hindered towards reaching the sea creatures thus amounting to
death. Also, the clogging of the sea surface not only leads to the
death of sea creatures but also interferes with their breeding
system. The gases and waste products released into the sea
hinders fertilization whereby the egg of most sea creature
become contaminated, and thus they fail to breed. Also, upon
successful interbreeding, the eggshells in most cases are weak,
and thus the breed turns out to be a weak species and thus dies
due to natural selection. In other words, sea creatures are faced
with the threat of extinction due to low fertility and poor
interbreeding aspects.
On other note, the aquatic creatures are faced with the piercing
by various biologists, herpetologists and individuals who study
sea creatures. Taking of sea creatures sample for laboratory use
leads to the interference of the breeding system as well as the
ecosystem of the sea creatures. In some instances, the scientists,
biologists and herpetologists go through various scientific steps
that are bombarded with trial and error. In between, the samples
taken for further research either dies within the research proves
or becomes irrelevant.
In such situation, the researchers go back to the drawing
roots of the sea in search of new species thus the cycle
continues repeatedly. Creatures living on the island are covered
in the titles of The Islands on Dry Lands and The Thing with
Feathers, (Kolbert, p.173). Land creatures take the form of land
animals and air creatures such as a bird. The land creatures
come into very close contact with the Homo sapiens species.
Therefore, they are termed to be the most endangered species in
Kolbert’s Sixth Extinction books. The chapters look into the
human nature regarding creativity, innovation and intelligence.
The activities of industrialization, technology, globalization and
urbanization have placed a great danger to land species.
Some of the highlighted aspects major towards human activities
of interference with the atmosphere, climate, forests and an
overall effect on the ozone layer. In return, the human activities
lead to the destruction of habitats, poaching, and killing of
animals thus leading to the interference of the ecosystem. Most
of the industries such as textile require animals’ skills for the
manufacture of skin products. As a result, the land species are
poached and killed to access their skins. On the other aspect,
the industries, deforestation activities destroy habitation of
animals forcing them to relocate to other areas. In return, due to
nature selection and interference with the food chain, the land
creatures are faced with the shortage of food and habitation thus
leading an endangered life.
The VII chapter of The Forrest and the Trees, (Kolbert, p.148)
gives a clear outline of the habitation and the usefulness of
maintaining the species habitation. The chapter looks into the
interior structure of various species habitation and the
connectivity with the surrounding world. The chapter traces the
originality of species and their habitation, which was vast,
covered with trees that formed forests, as well as water body
masses.
However, the geographical distribution and movement of Homo
sapiens arising from the quest of knowledge and innovation
marked the beginning of the crisis. In their motive of curiosity
and innovation, vast lands were cleared to pave the way for
settlement and start of industries. In return, the land species had
to move from one biosphere to the next in search of habitation.
As if that was not enough, the human species employed the
tactic of “the frog hotel”, an article read by Kolbert. In such a
case, land species were caged in an area for monitoring and
paving the way for land to practice agriculture, industrialization
and urbanization. Therefore, species were restricted in
movement and their new engaged locality, transmitted diseases
thus causing their death and eventual extinction easily affected
them.
In conclusion, Kolbert clearly presents her case by giving
proves regarding a recap of the past events through articles,
storybooks, and oral literature. In this area, Kolbert entails the
reader to look into the current state of affairs and thus relate
them to the past and to map out how the future will turn out to
be because of Homo sapiens activities.
Also, Kolbert brings together the views of various scholars
and their works together such as Charles Darwin on the origin
of species, Aristotle on his book of The Animal History and the
works of binomial nomenclature by Linnaeus. Also, Kolbert
looks into the works of various scientists, paleontology,
herpetology and anthropology and observes the terrain of
emergency, crisis and extinction of species resulting from
human activities. Once brought together, the views form a
strong basis for her claims and in that some, Kolbert clearly
presents her case and thus there is no speck of failure of her
case.
Reference
Kolbert, Elizabeth.The sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History.
London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014. Print.
David Ackley
Department of Literary and Cultural Studies
Bryant University
Office: K201, Suite K, Communication Building
Office hours: Friday 1 pm to 2 pm and by appointment
Email: [email protected]
LCS 364: British Literary Contexts: Restoration to the Present
Fall 2015
Class Description:
This course examines the critical, social, cultural, and historical
contexts crucial for understanding British literary production
from the eighteenth-century to the present. Materials will
include canonical and non-canonical works representing the
broad diversity of perspectives and voices in British literature.
Students will employ a variety of critical methodologies to
examine the ways texts both reflect and shape political and
aesthetic values.
Learning Objectives:
production from the eighteenth century to the present.
worlds that surround these texts.
scholarly frameworks for considering the period
under discussion.
Class Requirements:
The requirements for the class include:
Attendance, participation, reading quizzes, class projects and
activities (30% of student’s grade)
Two short papers (30%)
Mid-term exam (15%)
Final exam (25%)
Students will also be required to memorize two poems over the
course of the semester. These memorizations
will be tested by written quiz.
Required Texts:
The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Major Authors
(volumes 1 and 2), 9th edition
Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (Third Norton Critical
Edition)
Philip Larkin, Collected Poems (ISBN 978-0-374-52920-8)
Recommended:
A good college writing manual such as Diana Hacker and Nancy
Sommers’
A Pocket Style Manual (Bedford/St. Martin’s).
Course Policies:
· The syllabus, class assignments, and other important class
material can be found on the class Blackboard page. Be sure to
check Blackboard regularly for information about the class. For
class readings and assignments, consult the syllabus, but make
sure and check Blackboard for updates.
· Class participation and comportment. Students are always
welcome to ask questions, make observations, and raise
concerns. Class participation is an important part of your grade,
and some students will naturally be more confident talking in
class than others. For this reason, it is imperative that students
treat each other with respect in the classroom. Disruptions of
any sort in the classroom cause students to de-value their
contributions and discourage class discussion. Texting in class
is forbidden, as is talking when another student is speaking. The
class participation portion of your grade will reflect your
general comportment in class.
· Regular attendance in class is required. Students may miss up
to three classes without it impacting their final grade; six or
more absences over the course of the semester is grounds for
failure. If you are on a sports team with a demanding travel
schedule, you should discuss it with me. Routine illness is not
considered an excused absence. Contact me in the event of a
serious medical situation, and check in with Blackboard
regularly in order to keep up with work in the class.
· Papers should be uploaded on Blackboard on the day that they
are due. Each paper must be submitted through the links
accessible on our class Blackboard page. I do not accept late
papers. In extraordinary circumstances, I will grant an extension
for a paper, but only if that extension is requested before the
due date of the paper, and I reserve the right to deduct five
points for each day that the paper is late. If an extension is
granted, make sure and confirm it in writing with an email.
· Laptops should be used appropriately in the classroom. While
many students use their laptops to take notes during class,
laptops can also interfere with class discussion. If I sense that
students are not on-task with respect to laptop use, students will
be asked to close their laptops.
· Paper Format. Papers should use MLA format. An overview of
MLA format can be found on the Purdue OWL site. Your papers
must be in Times New Roman font, in twelve point type,
double-spaced, and with standard margins. Place your name,
class section and date in the upper left corner. A student may be
asked to re-submit his or her paper if it does not follow this
criteria.
· Plagiarism is against Bryant University policy and will be
dealt with severely. Plagiarism is the unattributed use of
another writer’s words in your own written work. Plagiarism is
a serious offense and, according to university policy, may result
in you receiving a failing grade in the course.
Office hours. If you are not able to come to my scheduled office
hours, please contact me in order to schedule a meeting.
Grading Scale
93-100: A
90-92: A-
87-89: B+
84-86: B
80-83: B-
77-79: C+
74-76: C
70-73:
C-
67-69: D+
64-66: D
63 and below: F
Schedule of Readings and Assignments
(schedule is subject to change; always check Blackboard)
** Note: When reading an author’s selection from the Norton
Anthology, always read the short biographical overview on the
author’s life and work as well.
Week One:
Introduction
Sept. 9:
Introduction
Sept. 11:
Nationalism, British and Otherwise.
Gellner, “What is a Nation?” (Blackboard).
Week Two:
England and the Larger World in the Eighteenth Century
Sept. 14:
Norton: “The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century 1660-
1785” (930-960)
Swift, “A Description of a City Shower” (1057)
Swift, “A Modest Proposal” (1199)
Sept. 16:
Montagu, Selected Letters and “Epistle from Mrs. Yonge”
(1269-1275)
Wilmot, “The Disabled Debauchee,” “The Imperfect
Enjoyment,”
and “Upon Nothing” (999-1004)
Sept. 18:
Olaudah Equiano, Selections from The Interesting Narrative of
the Life
Of Olaudah Equiano (1384-1394)
Week Three:
Print Culture and Eighteenth-Century Britain
Sept. 21:
Alexander Pope, “An Essay on Criticism” (1205-1225)
Sept. 23:
Samuel Johnson, Selections from the Rambler (1327-1333); A
Dictionary of the English
Language (1334-1340); on Shakespeare and Milton (1340-1356)
Sept. 25:
William Collins, “Ode to Evening” (1402)
Thomas Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Courtyard” (1396)
Christopher Smart, “[My Cat Jeoffry]” (1404)
Week Four:
Romanticism and Nature
Sept. 28:
Wordsworth, “Preface to Lyrical Ballads” (135-147)
Wordsworth, Selections from Lyrical Ballads (127-187) [TBA]
Sept. 30:
Wordsworth, Selections from Lyrical Ballads (127-187) [TBA]
Wordsworth, Selections from The Prelude: “Book First.
Introduction: Childhood
And School-time.” (194-207)
Dorothy Wordsworth, selections from The Alfoxden and
Grasmere journals (234-246)
Oct. 2:
Selections from Coleridge, Shelley and Clare [TBA]
Week Five:
Authorship and Literary Celebrity
Oct. 5:
Boswell, Selections from The Life of Samuel Johnson (1357-
1371)
* Note: This reading is from Volume I of the Norton Anthology
Oct. 7:
Selections from Byron (312-361) [TBA]
Oct. 9:
Selections on “fame” from Byron, Keats, and Shelley [TBA]
Week Six:
Austen and the Rise of the Novel
Oct. 12:
No class
Oct. 14:
Austen, Pride and Prejudice
Oct. 16:
Austen, Pride and Prejudice
Week Seven:
The Victorian World
Oct. 19:
Austen, Pride and Prejudice
Oct. 21:
Mid-Term Exam
Oct. 23:
Criticism on Pride and Prejudice
Week Nine:
The Victorian Period
Oct. 26:
Norton: “The Victorian Age 1830-1901” (533-559)
Oct. 28:
Arnold, Excerpts from “The Function of Criticism
at the Present Time” and Culture and Anarchy (771-786);
“Dover Beach” (764).
Oct. 30:
Mayhew, Selections from London Labour and the London Poor
(handout)
Week Ten:
The Victorian Supernatural
Nov. 2:
Stevenson, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (831-874)
Nov. 4:
Stevenson, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (831-874)
Nov. 6:
Criticism on Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (handout)
Week Eleven:
The Victorian Period
Nov. 9:
Rossetti, “Goblin Market” (803-814)
Nov. 11:
Tennyson, selected poems [TBA]
Nov. 13:
Hardy, selected poems (986-995)
Week Twelve:
Modernism and the Twentieth Century
Nov. 16:
Norton: “The Twentieth Century and After” (959-983)
Nov. 18:
Woolf, “The Mark on the Wall” (1097-1102) and
“Professions for Women” (1217-1220)
Nov. 20:
Joyce, “Araby” (1223) and “The Dead” (1227-1255)
Week Thirteen:
Lyric Poetry of the Early Twentieth Century
Nov. 23:
Yeats and Auden, selected poems (see below)
Nov. 25 and 27:
Thanksgiving Break
Week Fourteen:
Post-Modernism and Post-Colonialism
Nov. 30:
Rushdie, “The Prophet’s Hair” (1516);
Walcott, selected poems (1445-1449)
Dec. 2:
Smith, “The Waiter’s Wife” (1540)
Dec. 4:
Larkin, selected poems from The North Ship and The Less
Deceived
[Note: All of Philip Larkin’s individual books can be found in
the edition
of Collected Poems assigned for the class.]
Week Fifteen:
Larkin and British Literary History
Dec. 7:
Larkin, selected poems from The Whitsun Weddings
Dec. 9:
Larkin, selected poems from High Windows
Dec. 11:
Review for Final Exam
Final exam:
Saturday December 19th 2 pm to 4:30 pm
November 23rd:
W.B. Yeats (1057), “When You Are Old” (1063), “The Second
Coming”
(1073), “Sailing to Byzantium” (1077), “Crazy Jane Talks to the
Bishop”
(1083).
W.H. Auden (1411), “Lullaby” (1412), “As I Walked Out One
Evening”
(1413), “In Memory of W.B. Yeats” (1416), “September 1,
1939” (1419).

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  • 1. LCS 364 British Literature II Topics for Final Paper November 20, 2015 The final paper for LCS 364 should take the form of a five to seven (5-7) page paper on one of the topics below. This should be an argumentative paper that defends a particular thesis with respect to the topic. The paper should contain at least two scholarly sources. All citations should be in MLA format, and the paper must be in Times New Roman font. For other guidelines on paper format, consult the syllabus. Papers not meeting these requirements may have to be re-submitted and/or incur a point penalty. Papers will be graded on the depth and thoughtfulness of their consideration of the topic, among other factors. This paper is due on Sunday, December 13th, by 8 p.m. Please note that no extensions can be given for this paper. 1. As discussed in class, celebrity has been a factor in British literary history since the emergence of a mass reading audience. In a five to seven page paper that uses examples both from class readings and contemporary society, argue for or against the value of celebrity in the cultural life of the nation. Your paper should strike a relatively equal balance between contemporary and literary examples: in other words, while you are welcome to use examples from contemporary American life, your paper should maintain an equal focus on authors or works from the LCS 364 syllabus. 2. With the average user spending just under two hours a day on it, social media is often considered to be having a negative impact on public life. Using one or more works from the class,
  • 2. consider what British literary texts might have to say about this alleged social media ‘crisis.’ What would Jane Austen (or Elizabeth Bennet), think about today’s social media landscape? Does she seem to respect, for example, the tendency to seek public approval for one’s life choices? Through a consideration of works read for the class, take a position with respect to the dangers and benefits of social media. 3. A topic of your own choosing. If you have an idea for a paper unrelated to the above topics, come talk to me about it. Students choosing their own topic MUST get approval from me by December 1st. Smith 1 Mary Smith Bill Coleman Intellectual Heritage 852 Section xxx February 27, 2015 The Correct Way to Format an Essay First, select Times New Roman as the font and 12 as the font size. Make sure the paragraph is set to double space, and that you have checked the dialog box in “Paragraph” that says: “Don’t add space between paragraphs of the same style.” The heading, which includes your name, your teacher’s name, the course name and the date the paper is due, goes in the upper left corner of your paper. It is double-spaced like the body of the paper. The title of your paper should be centered and in the same font as the body of the paper. Do not use bold or underlining. Remember to capitalize the first word and all important words of the title. Indent the first line of each paragraph. Do not skip an extra line between paragraphs. Space once after each punctuation mark.
  • 3. Do not space before a punctuation mark. If your essay is longer than one page, insert the page number on the right side of the header. To do this, open the header and use the tab key to move the cursor to the right. Type your last name and then use the menu bar to insert the correct page number. Remember to select Times New Roman as your font and 12 as the font size just as you did for the text of your paper. If you follow the above instructions, your paper should look like this page. Note that to quote from The Sixth Extinction, you need merely put the passage in quotation marks followed by the appropriate page number (Kolbert, p. 224). Sheet1INTROBODY 1BODY 2BODY 3BODY 4CONCLUSIONOrganizationLandSeaKolbert strong/not so strong/1/1/2/2/3/1Writing: free of distractingFormatting: as pererrors? Academic voice?formatting sheet?Base verb tense in present?/12.5/12.5/1.5/1/25 &"Times New Roman,Regular"IH 852 Fall, 2015 Bill Coleman, Instructor Prompt / Rubric for Final Paper In the 5th century B.C., Herodotus tells us, the king of Persia decided to attack the Greeks. All his advisors applauded except a certain Artabanus who pointed to 2 problems: the land and the sea. 2500 years later, a different form of attack is taking place: the expansion of the human species as a whole and the takeover by our species of the surface of the Earth. This is a process very different from a military invasion but the results may be far more devastating. Like Artabanus 2500 years ago, Elizabeth Kolbert points to the land and the sea. Describe Kolbert’s organization of chapters in The Sixth Extinction. Describe the threats to creatures living on land. Describe the threats to creatures living in the sea. What part of The Sixth Extinction best explains to you the overall crisis which our species is causing? Is there any way in which
  • 4. Kolbert fails to make her case? Sheet2 Sheet3 Sheet1INTROBODY 1BODY 2BODY 3BODY 4CONCLUSIONOrganizationLandSeaKolbert strong/not so strongThis paragraph should You're using 3 paragraphs here.You are writing "In conclusion"How does sheintroduce the book as aI think that in 1 paragraph youislands on dry land=ocean acidification:before you have createdbring these thingswhole, not the organizationcan summarize K's strategy forfragments as per ouryou're not telling theyour critique of the booktogether? Takeof the book. Prologue islaying out her argument.question re "darkstory that K. tells reas a whole.another look at very interesting, but mustNote that this book is both asynergy."calcification.If Body 1 can explain K'syour Body 1.move on….study of extinction and of theWhat is the main problem?strategy, Body 4 canidea of extinction….better evaluate the result.0.750.81.61.51.50.6/1/1/2/2/3/1Writing: free of distractingFormatting: as pererrors? Academic voice?formatting sheet?lots of rich details here. If you can rethink your Body 1, your entireBase verb tense in present?critique will be stronger. Note that as Crutzen tells us (see Test #3), there is8one central cause of the greatest problems we are causing on both land and sea./12.5good academic voiceAll good but must put your titlePerhaps we can talk before you rewrite. in center; put teacher's nameentails=/= enablesbelow yours, and put booksea creates? Piercing?title in italics/12.510.25/1.5/1/25 In the 5th century B.C., Herodotus tells us, the king of Persia decided to attack the Greeks. All his advisors applauded except a certain Artabanus who pointed to 2 problems: the land and the sea. 2500 years later, a different form of attack is taking place: the expansion of the human species as a whole and the takeover by our species of the surface of the Earth. This is a process very different from a military invasion but the results may be
  • 5. far more devastating. Like Artabanus 2500 years ago, Elizabeth Kolbert points to the land and the sea. Describe Kolbert’s organization of chapters in The Sixth Extinction. Describe the threats to creatures living on land. Describe the threats to creatures living in the sea. What part of The Sixth Extinction best explains to you the overall crisis which our species is causing? Is there any way in which Kolbert fails to make her case? Sheet2 Sheet3 Yuan 1 Yaozong Yuan Bill Coleman Intellectual Heritage 852 Section 082 12.4.2015 Elizabeth Kolbert: The Sixth Extinction Elizabeth Kolbert organizes the chapters in the sixth extinction in Romanic aspects. Each roman number entails a chapter in which Kolbert clearly defines the subject matter and the theme revealed in the specific chapter. The chapter’s organization starts with a prologue, which gives an overview of what the book entails. Firstly, the prologue dates back to two hundred thousand years when new species started to emerge. The species have had a versatile knowledge of geographical movement ranging from seas, lands, plateaus and mountain ranges. The species faced no constraints of geographical location, climate restrictions, predators, preys as well as different habitation. In fact, wherever the species settled they adapted the habitat and even innovated in the specific habitat. However, the problem arises when the initial species found in the habitats by the travelers lacks the skill of defending and
  • 6. securing themselves from the newcomers. The resultant of the ill-equipped aspect leads the initial species to succumb (Kolbert, 4), thus clearing the way for the newcomers to habituate and have dominion over the initial species. To some extent, the initial species upon succumbing they go to an extinct since most of them are slow inbreeding, and thus they become wiped out. Similarly, the intrusion of newcomers brings rise to survival for the fitness and thus the cycle continues. On the other hand, the Homo sapiens species reproduces at an unprecedented rate, (Kolbert, p.15) thus doubling its population, thus leading to the clearance of large forest to provide settlements for the Homo sapiens. Clearing of the forests makes organisms shift from one locality to another, change of the atmospheric composition, alteration of the climate and chemistry in the forest, extinction becomes high and thus an overall change in the life texture of species. The first chapter, titled The Sixth Extinction (Kolbert, p.4), raises the curtain by introducing the frog species and their endangered outcomes. The extinction aspect had entirely spread among the golden-skinned frog species around the El Valle hills. The disappearance of the frogs was at an alarming rate that came into the notice of biologists. As a result, golden from species was conformed indoors due to insufficient lab facilities, where they stood treated as guests checked in a five-star hotel. The extinction of golden frog gave Kolbert an awaking reasoning of the extinction of other species such as dinosaurs, plesiosaurs, ammonites among others. The chapter reflects an image of yellow-legged frogs on top of a cliff all dead. One would care to wonder the cause of the death of the frogs as the picture appears to trigger a head scratching thought. Studies also indicate that lasts of amphibians could have existed and gone extinct without any notice. The fact of been unnoticed affirms to herpetologists statements that amphibians fossils are very fragile and thus so rare. The second chapter titled The Mastodon’s Molars, (Kolbert, p.26) takes a reflection of the effigy left behind as proves that
  • 7. such animals once existed. The chapter relates to a child been given a dinosaur toy yet he has never come across one. Similarly, the chapter goes ahead to indicate that during the Renaissance period marked by great scholars such as Aristotle the term and idea of extinction were far from the mind. During that time, most historical books such as the History of Animals by Aristotle and Linnaeus, (Kolbert, p.29) contribution in the binomial nomenclature only viewed the living and dead organism but not the extinct species. The following chapters also precedent themselves in Roman numbers starting from Roman I which curtain raises the idea of extinction and the extinct species all the way to Roman number XII titled The Thing with Feathers, (Kolbert, p.259). Chapter VI titled The Sea aroundUs, (Kolbert, p.111) took a look at the endangered sea species. The one aspect that puts sea creatures in danger is the emission of carbon dioxide gases from the violent volcanic eruptions. Once the gas reaches the sea, it dissolves in water to form an acidic composition. When the gas dissolves in water it is absorbed into the system of sea creates. Upon reaching the breathing systems, it clogs the respiratory systems thus leading to suffocation and even death. Also, waste products from industries directed along the sea forms a coat around the sea. As a result, air circulation is hindered towards reaching the sea creatures thus amounting to death. Also, the clogging of the sea surface not only leads to the death of sea creatures but also interferes with their breeding system. The gases and waste products released into the sea hinders fertilization whereby the egg of most sea creature become contaminated, and thus they fail to breed. Also, upon successful interbreeding, the eggshells in most cases are weak, and thus the breed turns out to be a weak species and thus dies due to natural selection. In other words, sea creatures are faced with the threat of extinction due to low fertility and poor interbreeding aspects. On other note, the aquatic creatures are faced with the piercing by various biologists, herpetologists and individuals who study
  • 8. sea creatures. Taking of sea creatures sample for laboratory use leads to the interference of the breeding system as well as the ecosystem of the sea creatures. In some instances, the scientists, biologists and herpetologists go through various scientific steps that are bombarded with trial and error. In between, the samples taken for further research either dies within the research proves or becomes irrelevant. In such situation, the researchers go back to the drawing roots of the sea in search of new species thus the cycle continues repeatedly. Creatures living on the island are covered in the titles of The Islands on Dry Lands and The Thing with Feathers, (Kolbert, p.173). Land creatures take the form of land animals and air creatures such as a bird. The land creatures come into very close contact with the Homo sapiens species. Therefore, they are termed to be the most endangered species in Kolbert’s Sixth Extinction books. The chapters look into the human nature regarding creativity, innovation and intelligence. The activities of industrialization, technology, globalization and urbanization have placed a great danger to land species. Some of the highlighted aspects major towards human activities of interference with the atmosphere, climate, forests and an overall effect on the ozone layer. In return, the human activities lead to the destruction of habitats, poaching, and killing of animals thus leading to the interference of the ecosystem. Most of the industries such as textile require animals’ skills for the manufacture of skin products. As a result, the land species are poached and killed to access their skins. On the other aspect, the industries, deforestation activities destroy habitation of animals forcing them to relocate to other areas. In return, due to nature selection and interference with the food chain, the land creatures are faced with the shortage of food and habitation thus leading an endangered life. The VII chapter of The Forrest and the Trees, (Kolbert, p.148) gives a clear outline of the habitation and the usefulness of maintaining the species habitation. The chapter looks into the interior structure of various species habitation and the
  • 9. connectivity with the surrounding world. The chapter traces the originality of species and their habitation, which was vast, covered with trees that formed forests, as well as water body masses. However, the geographical distribution and movement of Homo sapiens arising from the quest of knowledge and innovation marked the beginning of the crisis. In their motive of curiosity and innovation, vast lands were cleared to pave the way for settlement and start of industries. In return, the land species had to move from one biosphere to the next in search of habitation. As if that was not enough, the human species employed the tactic of “the frog hotel”, an article read by Kolbert. In such a case, land species were caged in an area for monitoring and paving the way for land to practice agriculture, industrialization and urbanization. Therefore, species were restricted in movement and their new engaged locality, transmitted diseases thus causing their death and eventual extinction easily affected them. In conclusion, Kolbert clearly presents her case by giving proves regarding a recap of the past events through articles, storybooks, and oral literature. In this area, Kolbert entails the reader to look into the current state of affairs and thus relate them to the past and to map out how the future will turn out to be because of Homo sapiens activities. Also, Kolbert brings together the views of various scholars and their works together such as Charles Darwin on the origin of species, Aristotle on his book of The Animal History and the works of binomial nomenclature by Linnaeus. Also, Kolbert looks into the works of various scientists, paleontology, herpetology and anthropology and observes the terrain of emergency, crisis and extinction of species resulting from human activities. Once brought together, the views form a strong basis for her claims and in that some, Kolbert clearly presents her case and thus there is no speck of failure of her case.
  • 10. Reference Kolbert, Elizabeth.The sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014. Print. David Ackley Department of Literary and Cultural Studies Bryant University Office: K201, Suite K, Communication Building Office hours: Friday 1 pm to 2 pm and by appointment Email: [email protected] LCS 364: British Literary Contexts: Restoration to the Present Fall 2015 Class Description: This course examines the critical, social, cultural, and historical contexts crucial for understanding British literary production from the eighteenth-century to the present. Materials will include canonical and non-canonical works representing the broad diversity of perspectives and voices in British literature. Students will employ a variety of critical methodologies to examine the ways texts both reflect and shape political and aesthetic values. Learning Objectives: production from the eighteenth century to the present. worlds that surround these texts. scholarly frameworks for considering the period under discussion.
  • 11. Class Requirements: The requirements for the class include: Attendance, participation, reading quizzes, class projects and activities (30% of student’s grade) Two short papers (30%) Mid-term exam (15%) Final exam (25%) Students will also be required to memorize two poems over the course of the semester. These memorizations will be tested by written quiz. Required Texts: The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Major Authors (volumes 1 and 2), 9th edition Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (Third Norton Critical Edition) Philip Larkin, Collected Poems (ISBN 978-0-374-52920-8) Recommended: A good college writing manual such as Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers’ A Pocket Style Manual (Bedford/St. Martin’s). Course Policies: · The syllabus, class assignments, and other important class material can be found on the class Blackboard page. Be sure to check Blackboard regularly for information about the class. For class readings and assignments, consult the syllabus, but make sure and check Blackboard for updates. · Class participation and comportment. Students are always
  • 12. welcome to ask questions, make observations, and raise concerns. Class participation is an important part of your grade, and some students will naturally be more confident talking in class than others. For this reason, it is imperative that students treat each other with respect in the classroom. Disruptions of any sort in the classroom cause students to de-value their contributions and discourage class discussion. Texting in class is forbidden, as is talking when another student is speaking. The class participation portion of your grade will reflect your general comportment in class. · Regular attendance in class is required. Students may miss up to three classes without it impacting their final grade; six or more absences over the course of the semester is grounds for failure. If you are on a sports team with a demanding travel schedule, you should discuss it with me. Routine illness is not considered an excused absence. Contact me in the event of a serious medical situation, and check in with Blackboard regularly in order to keep up with work in the class. · Papers should be uploaded on Blackboard on the day that they are due. Each paper must be submitted through the links accessible on our class Blackboard page. I do not accept late papers. In extraordinary circumstances, I will grant an extension for a paper, but only if that extension is requested before the due date of the paper, and I reserve the right to deduct five points for each day that the paper is late. If an extension is granted, make sure and confirm it in writing with an email. · Laptops should be used appropriately in the classroom. While many students use their laptops to take notes during class, laptops can also interfere with class discussion. If I sense that students are not on-task with respect to laptop use, students will be asked to close their laptops. · Paper Format. Papers should use MLA format. An overview of MLA format can be found on the Purdue OWL site. Your papers must be in Times New Roman font, in twelve point type, double-spaced, and with standard margins. Place your name, class section and date in the upper left corner. A student may be
  • 13. asked to re-submit his or her paper if it does not follow this criteria. · Plagiarism is against Bryant University policy and will be dealt with severely. Plagiarism is the unattributed use of another writer’s words in your own written work. Plagiarism is a serious offense and, according to university policy, may result in you receiving a failing grade in the course. Office hours. If you are not able to come to my scheduled office hours, please contact me in order to schedule a meeting. Grading Scale 93-100: A 90-92: A- 87-89: B+ 84-86: B 80-83: B- 77-79: C+ 74-76: C 70-73: C- 67-69: D+ 64-66: D 63 and below: F Schedule of Readings and Assignments
  • 14. (schedule is subject to change; always check Blackboard) ** Note: When reading an author’s selection from the Norton Anthology, always read the short biographical overview on the author’s life and work as well. Week One: Introduction Sept. 9: Introduction Sept. 11: Nationalism, British and Otherwise. Gellner, “What is a Nation?” (Blackboard). Week Two: England and the Larger World in the Eighteenth Century Sept. 14: Norton: “The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century 1660- 1785” (930-960) Swift, “A Description of a City Shower” (1057) Swift, “A Modest Proposal” (1199) Sept. 16: Montagu, Selected Letters and “Epistle from Mrs. Yonge” (1269-1275) Wilmot, “The Disabled Debauchee,” “The Imperfect
  • 15. Enjoyment,” and “Upon Nothing” (999-1004) Sept. 18: Olaudah Equiano, Selections from The Interesting Narrative of the Life Of Olaudah Equiano (1384-1394) Week Three: Print Culture and Eighteenth-Century Britain Sept. 21: Alexander Pope, “An Essay on Criticism” (1205-1225) Sept. 23: Samuel Johnson, Selections from the Rambler (1327-1333); A Dictionary of the English Language (1334-1340); on Shakespeare and Milton (1340-1356) Sept. 25: William Collins, “Ode to Evening” (1402) Thomas Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Courtyard” (1396)
  • 16. Christopher Smart, “[My Cat Jeoffry]” (1404) Week Four: Romanticism and Nature Sept. 28: Wordsworth, “Preface to Lyrical Ballads” (135-147) Wordsworth, Selections from Lyrical Ballads (127-187) [TBA] Sept. 30: Wordsworth, Selections from Lyrical Ballads (127-187) [TBA] Wordsworth, Selections from The Prelude: “Book First. Introduction: Childhood And School-time.” (194-207) Dorothy Wordsworth, selections from The Alfoxden and Grasmere journals (234-246) Oct. 2: Selections from Coleridge, Shelley and Clare [TBA] Week Five: Authorship and Literary Celebrity Oct. 5: Boswell, Selections from The Life of Samuel Johnson (1357- 1371)
  • 17. * Note: This reading is from Volume I of the Norton Anthology Oct. 7: Selections from Byron (312-361) [TBA] Oct. 9: Selections on “fame” from Byron, Keats, and Shelley [TBA] Week Six: Austen and the Rise of the Novel Oct. 12: No class Oct. 14: Austen, Pride and Prejudice Oct. 16: Austen, Pride and Prejudice Week Seven: The Victorian World Oct. 19: Austen, Pride and Prejudice Oct. 21: Mid-Term Exam Oct. 23: Criticism on Pride and Prejudice Week Nine: The Victorian Period Oct. 26: Norton: “The Victorian Age 1830-1901” (533-559)
  • 18. Oct. 28: Arnold, Excerpts from “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” and Culture and Anarchy (771-786); “Dover Beach” (764). Oct. 30: Mayhew, Selections from London Labour and the London Poor (handout) Week Ten: The Victorian Supernatural Nov. 2: Stevenson, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (831-874) Nov. 4: Stevenson, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (831-874) Nov. 6: Criticism on Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (handout) Week Eleven: The Victorian Period Nov. 9: Rossetti, “Goblin Market” (803-814) Nov. 11: Tennyson, selected poems [TBA]
  • 19. Nov. 13: Hardy, selected poems (986-995) Week Twelve: Modernism and the Twentieth Century Nov. 16: Norton: “The Twentieth Century and After” (959-983) Nov. 18: Woolf, “The Mark on the Wall” (1097-1102) and “Professions for Women” (1217-1220) Nov. 20: Joyce, “Araby” (1223) and “The Dead” (1227-1255) Week Thirteen: Lyric Poetry of the Early Twentieth Century Nov. 23: Yeats and Auden, selected poems (see below) Nov. 25 and 27: Thanksgiving Break Week Fourteen: Post-Modernism and Post-Colonialism Nov. 30: Rushdie, “The Prophet’s Hair” (1516); Walcott, selected poems (1445-1449) Dec. 2: Smith, “The Waiter’s Wife” (1540) Dec. 4:
  • 20. Larkin, selected poems from The North Ship and The Less Deceived [Note: All of Philip Larkin’s individual books can be found in the edition of Collected Poems assigned for the class.] Week Fifteen: Larkin and British Literary History Dec. 7: Larkin, selected poems from The Whitsun Weddings Dec. 9: Larkin, selected poems from High Windows Dec. 11: Review for Final Exam Final exam: Saturday December 19th 2 pm to 4:30 pm November 23rd: W.B. Yeats (1057), “When You Are Old” (1063), “The Second Coming” (1073), “Sailing to Byzantium” (1077), “Crazy Jane Talks to the Bishop” (1083).
  • 21. W.H. Auden (1411), “Lullaby” (1412), “As I Walked Out One Evening” (1413), “In Memory of W.B. Yeats” (1416), “September 1, 1939” (1419).