Keith is a consultant residing in Centervale, U.S., which is a friendly, predominantly middle-class community with a diverse ethnic makeup. Keith’s job is to design behavioral interventions for children and adults. He works with a variety of people, including teachers, children of varying ages, and parents. He also works closely with professionals such as speech therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, physicians, and school administrators. Referrals range from children with difficulty paying attention to adolescents exhibiting aggression. Keith encounters a continuum of developmental issues, from children with typical development to clients with speech impairments, learning disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, and genetic syndromes. Ms. Cole, a second grade teacher from Centervale Elementary, has contacted Keith because of a concern that a student might have some learning problems. The student is a 7-year-old boy named Martin, whose parents immigrated from Nicaragua. A meeting was arranged with the parents, teacher, consultant, and school psychologist because Martin was making errors in reading and having some comprehension problems. The psychologist and consultant asked questions such as: How long has the family lived in the United States? How long has Martin been exposed to English? Did he babble at the age of four months? ...

1. Keith is a consultant residing in Centervale, U.S., which is a
friendly, predominantly middle-class community with a diverse
ethnic makeup. Keith’s job is to design behavioral interventions
for children and adults. He works with a variety of people,
including teachers, children of varying ages, and parents. He
also works closely with professionals such as speech therapists,
occupational therapists, psychologists, physicians, and school
administrators.
Referrals range from children with difficulty paying attention to
adolescents exhibiting aggression. Keith encounters a
continuum of developmental issues, from children with typical
development to clients with speech impairments, learning
disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
autism spectrum disorders, and genetic syndromes.
Ms. Cole, a second grade teacher from Centervale Elementary,
has contacted Keith because of a concern that a student might
have some learning problems. The student is a 7-year-old boy
named Martin, whose parents immigrated from Nicaragua. A
meeting was arranged with the parents, teacher, consultant, and
school psychologist because Martin was making errors in
reading and having some comprehension problems. The
psychologist and consultant asked questions such as: How long
has the family lived in the United States? How long has Martin
been exposed to English? Did he babble at the age of four
months?