Communicating

1. Communicating
CHRIsTINE ALEIXIS Y. Noe

2. 1.
What is
communicating?
Let’s define
communicating.

3. What is communicating?
o A managerial function to which
managers spend a major
percentage of their time.
o Process by which the management
functions of planning, organizing,
leading, controlling, etc. are
accomplished.
o Foundation for the management
functions.

4. 2.
What is the definition of
communication?
Let’s define
communication.

5. What is the definition of communication?
o “Any initiated behavior on the part
of the sender which conveys the
desired meaning to the receiver
and causes desired response
behavior from the receiver”
(Merrihue, 1960)
o “The process of passing information
and understanding from one
person to another” (Davis, 1967)

6. What is the definition of communication?
o Communication includes “all the
procedures by which one mind
may affect another” (Schramm,
1971)
o “A process by which information is
exchanged between individuals
through a common system of
symbols, signs, or behavior.”
(Webster’s Dictionary, 1976)

7. What is the definition of communication?
o “A linking process by which parts of
the system are tied together”
(Massie, 1987)
o “The transfer of information from a
sender to a receiver with the
information being understood by
the receiver” (Koontz & Weihrich,
1990)

8. What is the definition of communication?
o “The process by which people
attempt to share meaning via the
transmission of symbolic messages”
(Stoner & Wankel, 1987)

9. “
Three essential points in stoner & Wankel’s definition of
communication
1. Communication involves people
2. Communication involves a shared
meaning
3. Communication is symbolic

10. Communication does not
automatically occur when one
person speaks or writes to someone
else. The message received must be
interpreted exactly or accurately by
the receiver, and unless this occurs,
communication does not take place.

11. The manager communicates not only
to himself alone.

12. There is a need for a high level of
understanding.

13. There must be a clear
communication so that human action
will proceed in fruitful direction.

14. “
Three criteria of effective communication as summarized by Hoy & Miskel
1978)
1. It has qualities that lead to positive
perceptions.
2. It accomplishes organizational and
personal goals.
3. Considered effective both on a
short term and long-term basis.

15. 3.
What is the purpose of
communication?
The purpose of communication
(Koontz & Weihrich, 1990)

16. What Is the purpose of communication?
Purpose of Communication (Koontz &
Weihrich, 1990)
1. Establish and disseminate goals of
an enterprise
2. Develop plans for their
achievement
3. Organize human and other
resources in the most effective and
efficient way

17. What Is the purpose of communication?
4. Select, develop, and appraise
members of the organization
5. Lead, direct, motivate, and create
a climate in which people want to
contribute
6. Control performance

18. 4.
What Are the elements
of communication?
Let’s talk about the elements
of communication

19. What Are the elements of communication?
The Sender
o The person who has a thought or
an idea which is encoded in a way
that can be understood by both
the sender and the receiver.

20. What Are the elements of communication?
Channel
o It is responsible for the delivery of
the message. It may be through a
memorandum, a computer, a
telephone, a cellphone, or a
television.

21. What Are the elements of communication?
Receiver
o The person who extracts or
decodes the meaning of the
message
o Decoding is the process wherein
the receiver coverts the message
into thought.

22. What Are the elements of communication?
Noise
o Anything that hinders
communication. It can be the
sender, transmission, or the
receiver.

23. What Are the elements of communication?
Feedback
o It is the response of the receiver. It
is important because it determines
whether the receiver grasped the
intended meaning of the message
or not.

24. The so-called semantics problem in
administration arises because the
same word means different things to
different people.

25. 5.
Verbal and non-verbal
communication
What is the difference between verbal
and non-verbal communication?

26. Verbal and non-verbal communication
Verbal Communication
o Process wherein messages or
information is exchanged or
communicated through words
o It has two types: written and oral
communication.
o face-to-face conversations, group
discussions, counseling, interview, radio,
television, calls, memos, letters, reports,
notes, email etc.

27. Verbal and non-verbal communication
Non-Verbal Communication
o Process where messages or information
is exchanged or communicated without
using any spoken or written word.
o usually understood as the process of
communication through sending and
receiving wordless messages.
o gestures, facial expressions, eye
contact, physical proximity, touching
etc.

28. 6.
Communication flow in
the organization
How does communication
flow in the organization?

29. Communication flow in the organization
Upward
o Subordinate to superior
Downward
o Superior to subordinate
Horizontal
o People on the same or similar
organizational levels

30. Communication flow in the organization
Diagonal
o People who are not in direct
reporting relationship with each
other
Crosswise
o Includes both horizontal and
diagonal flow of information

31. 7.
Effective listening
guidelines
Effective Listening Guidelines
(Newstrom &Davis, 1993)

32. Effective listening guidelines
Effective listening guidelines
(Newstrom & Davis, 1993)
1. Stop talking
2. Put the talker at ease
3. Show a talker that you want to
listen
4. Remove distractions
5. Empathize with talkers

33. Effective listening guidelines
6. Be patient
7. Hold your temper
8. Go easy on argument or criticism
9. Ask questions
10.Stop talking!

34. 8.
Models of
communication
Let’s talk about the models of
communication.

35. One-way communication process with Feedback Loop for limited two-way
communication

36. Full two-way communication