Different neurons specialize in sending and receiving different neurotransmitters: different neurons specialize in sending and receiving different neurotransmitters. A neurotransmitter is more like a master key to a building than a key that fits only one lock. Bring key down into receptor site on transparency This response will only occur if the “voltage” is high enough (action potential - balance of positive and negative ions) Although this is basically a binary operation, neurotransmitters modulate these two operations in hundreds of subtle ways Youtube: 3D animation of a neuron and an action potential. Ion channels in the soma open and allow an increase in the intracellular voltage. Once the voltage reaches a threshold, an action potential is generated, which travels the length of the axon and passes into the terminals. The voltage in the terminals stimulate the release of neurotransmitters which cross the synapse, opening ion channels in dendrites of the post-synaptic neuron and increasing the voltage of the second neuron. By Stephen Hicks, 2006. www.metope.org
If recycled, they are reabsorbed by the first nerve cell’s reuptake valves and stored for later use Youtube: Medical animation of nerve synapse from www.medflix.com shows release of neurotransmitter and reuptake Youtube: Discovery Channel - Neurons and How They Work
List is rapidly expanding Some carry messages that convey information about the outside world; some access memories; some carry messages of action to the body; etc.
See notes yellow paper
See notes slide 6 for common ones that act as mood regulators (in addition to other factors) Cortisol - falls in steroid category and is involved in the stress response (fight/flight/freeze). Activates body/brain defense mechanisms. Releases clotting elements to the blood (to slow heavy bleeding Elevates cholesterol levels and depresses the immune system
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