Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (18)
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (18)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
CAMBODIA'S TUMULTUOUS HISTORY
- 4. PreHIstOrY (4200B.C-1st CenturY) Evidence of potsEvidence of pots and human skeletonand human skeleton back 4200 BCback 4200 BC
- 5. funAn kIngDOM (1st CenturY-550) Capital City : Ba Phnom
- 6. Li yè / Somaǔ Huntian / Kaundinya Kaundinya JayavarmanKaundinya Jayavarman RudravarmanRudravarman (50 AD)(50 AD) (484-514)(484-514) (514-545)(514-545) 18 KINGS18 KINGS
- 7. CHenlA kIngDOM (6tH CenturY–802) Origin of ruling: ChampasakOrigin of ruling: Champasak Spiritual center: Vat PhouSpiritual center: Vat Phou
- 8. BHAvAvArMAn I (550-600)BHAvAvArMAn I (550-600) Derived from veryDerived from very weak sourcesweak sources.. Chenla conqueringChenla conquering Funan.Funan.
- 9. Queen JAYADevI (690–713) Land ChenlaLand Chenla LaosLaos Water ChenlaWater Chenla JayaSinghaJayaSingha
- 10. MAHIPAtIvArMAn (780–788) + After the reign of King Rajendravarman I+ After the reign of King Rajendravarman I + 5 state+ 5 state +The PirateJava killed king Mahipativarman+The PirateJava killed king Mahipativarman +Java conquered Cambodia nearly 15 years+Java conquered Cambodia nearly 15 years +Java catched Jayavarman II to their island+Java catched Jayavarman II to their island
- 11. kHMer eMPIre (802–1431) ++Art and architecture ++Religion ++Society and politics +Economy and agriculture +Peaceful+Peaceful ++Connection with otherConnection with other countriescountries
- 12. JAYAvArMAn II (802-835) +Defeat Java+Defeat Java +Start Angkor Empire+Start Angkor Empire +Siva Linga+Siva Linga +Capital city:+Capital city: MahendraparvataMahendraparvata HariharalayaHariharalaya
- 14. InDrAvArMAn I (877-889) +Built Preah+Built Preah Ko dedicated to Jayavarman II, also for his father and his grand father. +Constructed temple mountain Bakong. +Peaceful+Peaceful +Built Baray Indratataka.+Built Baray Indratataka.
- 17. YAsOvArMAn I (889-910) +Move the capital to+Move the capital to Yaśodharapura centred around Phnom Bakheng. (893) +Built Baray Yashodharatataka. +Built Lolei temple.+Built Lolei temple. +A conquering king.+A conquering king.
- 19. HarsHavarman I (900/910-923) +Involved in a power struggle against his maternal uncle Jayavarman IV. +Built Baksei Chamkrong temple.
- 21. IsHanavarman II (923-928) +Involved in a power struggle against his maternal uncle Jayavarman IV. ++Built Prasat Kravan.
- 23. Jayavarman Iv (928-941) ++claim the throne through maternal line. +Ruled from Koh Ker. + Move the capital from+ Move the capital from Yaśodharapura to Koh Ker. +Built Baray Rohal.+Built Baray Rohal.
- 25. raJendravarman II (944-968) ++Transfer the capital back to Angkor ++Built Pre Rup, Phimeanakas and East Mebon. ++War against Champa in 946. +Built Bat Chum and Banteay Srei.+Built Bat Chum and Banteay Srei. +Conquering King.+Conquering King.
- 27. suryavarman II (1113-1145) ++Usurped and killed his great uncle. ++Built Angkor Wat, Banteay Samre, Thommanon, Chau Say Tevoda and Beng Mealea. ++Invade Đ i Vi tạ ệ and Champa.
- 29. angkor Wat +T+The largest religious monument in the world. +S+Site measuring 162.6 hectares (1,626,000 m2 ; 402 acres). ++ It was originally constructed as a Hindu temple of god Vishnu for the Khmer Empire.
- 32. Kulen Mountain
- 34. A very rare toothy smile on the face of one apsara (celestial maiden) at Angkor Wat.
- 37. WEST GALLERY - BATTLE OF KURUKSHETRA
- 38. SOUTH (HISTORICAL) GALLERY - ARMY OF KING SORYAVAMAN II
- 39. EAST GALLERY - CHURNING OF THE OCEAN OF MILK
- 40. NORTH GALLERY VICTORY OF KRISNA OVER BANA THE DEMON KING
- 41. WEST GALLERY - BATTLE OF LANKA
- 42. JUDGMENT BY YAMA; HEAVEN AND HELL
- 45. Jayavarman vii +Capital:+Capital: Yaśodharapura (Angkor) ++Led Khmer army against Cham invaders thus liberated Cambodia. Led the conquest of Champa (1190–1191). ++Major infrastructure constructions; built hospitals, rest houses, reservoirs, and temples including Ta Prohm, Preah Khan, Bayon in Angkor Thom city, and Neak Pean.
- 50. Dark ages of CamboDia (1431–1863) +After the death of King Jayavarman VII,+After the death of King Jayavarman VII, the empire experienced great decline.the empire experienced great decline. +Khmer kingdom lost control of the+Khmer kingdom lost control of the peripheries.peripheries. +Involved in power struggle+Involved in power struggle Annam/Champa (Viet nam) andAnnam/Champa (Viet nam) and Siam(Thailand)Siam(Thailand)
- 51. frenCh Colonial perioD (1863–1953) + 1863 – King Norodom signed treaty with French to+ 1863 – King Norodom signed treaty with French to establish protectorate and eventually became a colony ofestablish protectorate and eventually became a colony of FranceFrance +World War II also occurred during this era and the+World War II also occurred during this era and the Japanese empire occupied much of Cambodia duringJapanese empire occupied much of Cambodia during 1941-19451941-1945 +1953- Cambodia gained independence from French+1953- Cambodia gained independence from French
- 53. aDministration of sihanouk (1953–70) +Cambodia gained independence from+Cambodia gained independence from French in 9 November 1953.French in 9 November 1953. + Development+ Development
- 56. Khmer republic and the War (1970–75) The Khmer Republic known as the State of Cambodia was the right-wing pro–United Statesmilitary-led republican government of Cambodia that was formally declared on 9 October 1970. While visiting Beijing in 1970 Sihanouk was ousted by a military coup led by Prime Minister General Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak in the early hours of 18 March 1970.
- 57. democratic Kampuchea (Khmer rouge era) (1975–79) +Pol Pot – leader of Khmer Rouge; member of French +Pol Pot – leader of Khmer Rouge; member of French Communist Party: became leader of Cambodia in 1975Communist Party: became leader of Cambodia in 1975 +Attempts at agriculture reform which led to famine, +Attempts at agriculture reform which led to famine, disease and deathdisease and death +Killed many intellectuals city dwellers, minority people. +Killed many intellectuals city dwellers, minority people. Approximately 2.1 million people died (21% of Approximately 2.1 million people died (21% of Cambodia’s population).Cambodia’s population).
- 60. Year zero (Khmer rouge)(20th centurY) +Cambodia taken over by Pol pot +Cambodia taken over by Pol pot +Drastic revolution: All moved to countryside to become +Drastic revolution: All moved to countryside to become agriculture workers.agriculture workers. +1979 – Vietnamese forces took Phnom Penh. Pol pot & +1979 – Vietnamese forces took Phnom Penh. Pol pot & Khmer troops flee. The people’s republic of kampucha Khmer troops flee. The people’s republic of kampucha was establishedwas established
- 67. Phnom Penh City:
- 68. education
Editor's Notes
- +Establised in Mekong delta + Centered by Mekong and bassac river + Have connection with Indian and Chinese +Capital city near Banam in prey veng
- Mahendravarman 600–616 Isanavarman I616–635 Bhavavarman II639–657 Candravarman ? Jayavarman I 657–690
- Sambhuvarman713–716 Pushkaraksha716–730 Sambhuvarman 730–760 Rajendravarman I 760–780
- + Srey dandeung bros
- Historian Claude Jacques writes that he first seized the city of Vyadhapura in the southeast, then pushed up the Mekong River to take Sambhupura. He later installed himself at another city state, now known as Banteay Prei Nokor,[1]:54 near present-day Kompong Cham. Jacques believes that from there he pressed on to Wat Pu, seat of a city-state in present-day southern Laos, then moved along the Dangrek Mountains to arrive in the Angkor region. Later he brought pressure on local Khmer leaders located to the west, but they fought back and drove him to seek refuge on the summit of present-day Phnom Kulen, about 50 kilometers east of Angkor, where the Brahman declared the independent state. Jacques suggests that this step might have been intended to affirm Jayavarman's authority in the face of strong resistance.
- Preah ko
- + bakong
- + lolei + phnom bakheang
- 968–1001Jayavarman VJayendranagari in AngkorSon of Rajendravarman II. Built a new capital Jayendranagari and Ta Keo in its centre. 1001–1006Udayadityavarman I, Jayaviravarman, Suryavarman IAngkorPeriod of chaos, 3 kings rule simultaneously as antagonist. 1006–1050Suryavarman IAngkorTook the throne. Alliance with Chola and conflict with Tambralinga kingdom. Built Preah Khan Kompong Svay. The king adhered to Mahayana Buddhism. 1050–1066Udayadityavarman IIYaśodharapura II (Angkor)Took the throne, descendant of Yasovarman I's spouse. Built Baphuon, West Baray and West Mebon, also Sdok Kok Thom. 1066–1080Harshavarman IIIYaśodharapura II (Angkor)Succeeded his elder brother Udayadityavarman II, capital at Baphuon. Champa invasion in 1074 and 1080. 1090–1107Jayavarman VIAngkorUsurper from Vimayapura. Built Phimai. 1107–1113Dharanindravarman I
- Pre rup East mebon
- + built 1113-1115 ,37 +5 year before he died +The height of Angkor Wat from the ground to the top of the central tower is greater than it might appear: 213 meters (699 feet), achieved with three rectangular or square levels (1-3) Each one is progressively smaller and higher than the one below starting from the outer limits of the temple.
- Angkor Wat occupies a rectangular area of about 208 hectares (500 acres) defined by a laetrile wall. The first evidence of the site is a moat with a long sandstone causeway (length 250 meters, 820 feet; width 12 meters, 39 feet) crossing it and serving as the main access to the monument. The moat is 200 meters (656 feel) wide with a perimeter of 5.5 kilometers (3.4 miles).
- his battle scene is the main subject of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. It recalls the historic was wars in Kurukshetra, a province in India, and depicts the last battle between rival enemies who are cousins (see page 54 for a description of this legend). The armies of the Kauravas and the Pandavas march from opposite ends towards the center of the panel where they meet in combat. Headpieces differentiate the warriors of the two armies. The scene begins with infantry marching into battle and musicians playing a rhythmic cadence. The battlefield is the scene of hand-to-hand combat and many dead soldiers. Chief officers and generals (represented on a larger scale) oversee the battle in chariots and on elephants and horses. The scene builds up gradually and climaxes in a melée. Bisma (near the beginning of the pane), one of the heroes of the Mahabharata and commander of the Kauravas, pierced with arrow, is dying and his men surround him. Arjuna (holding a shield decorated with the face of the demon rahu) shoots an arrow at Krsna, his half-brother, and kills him. After death, Krisna (four arms) becomes the charioteer of Arjuna.
- This gallery depicts a splendid triumphal procession from a battle between the Khmers and their enemies. The relief's show methods used in warfare, mainly hand-to-hand combat, as they no machinery and no knowledge of firearms. The naturalistic depiction of trees and animals in the background of this panel is unusual. The central figure of this gallery is King Suryavarman II, the builder of Angkor Wat, who appears twice. An inscription on the panel identifies him by his posthumous name, suggesting it may have been done after his death. The rectangular holes randomly cut n this gallery may have contained precious objects of the temple. On the upper tier the king (seated with traces of gilt on his body) holds an audience on a mountain. Below of the place walk down a mountain in the forest. The army gathers for inspection and the commander mounted on elephants join their troops who are marching towards the enemy. The commander's rank is identified by a small inscription near the figure. King Suryavarman II stands on an elephant (conical headdress, sword with the blade across his shoulder) and servants around him hold 15 ceremonial umbrellas. Visnu stands on a Garuda on a Garuda on a flagpole in front of the king's elephant. The lively and loud procession of the Sacred Fire (carried in an ark) follows with standard bearers, musicians and jesters. Brahmans chant to the accompaniment of cymbals. The royal sacrifice in a palanquin. Towards the end of the panel: The military procession resumes with a troop of Thai soldiers (pleated skirts with floral pattern; belts with long pendants; plaited hair; headdresses with plumes; short moustaches) led by their commander who is mounted on an elephant. The Thai troops were probably either mercenaries of a contingent from the province of Louvo (today called Lopburi) conscripted to the Khmer army. A number of the Khmer warriors wear helmets with horns of animal heads (deer, horse, bird) and some of their shields are embellished with monsters for the same purpose.
- Numerous other beings are depicted such as the three-headed elephant mount of Indra, Apsaras and Laksmmi, the goddess of beauty. They churning provoke the serpent to vomit the mortal venom, which covers the waves. Afraid the venom may destroy the gods and demons, Brahma intervenes and requests Siva to devour and drink the venom, which will leave an indelible trace on Siva's throat. He complies and, as a result, he Amtrak pours forth. The demon rush to capture all the liquid. Visnu hurries to the rescue and assumes yet another reincarnation in the form of Maya, a bewitching beauty, and is able to restore much of the coveted liquid. + Amrta
- +At the beginning of the panel Visnu in his incarnation as Krsna (framed by two heroes) sits on the shoulders of a Gruda. Agni, the god of Fire (multiple arms), sits on a rhinoceros behind him. This scene appears several times. A wall surrounding the city is on fire and prevents the advance of Krsna (mounted of a Garuda) and his army of gods. This Krsna scene also appears several times in the panel. The Garuda extinguishes the fire with water from the sacred river Ganges. The demon Bana (multiple arms, mounted on a rhinoceros) approaches from the opposite direction. Extreme right: Krsna (1,000 heads, hands across his chest) kneels in front of Siva who sits enthroned on Mount Kailasa with his wife Parvati and their son ganesa (head of an elephant) as they demand that Siva spare the life of Bana.
- This scene from the Ramayana is a long and fierce struggle between Rama and the demon king Ravana (10 heads and 20 arms), near the center. It is among the finest of the bas-reliefs at Angkor Wat. The battle takes place in Lanka (Sri Lanka) and ends with the defeat of Ravana, captor of Sita, the beautiful wife of Rama. The central figures are the monkey warriors who fight against the raksasas on Rama's side. The brutality of war is juxtaposed with a graceful rendition of lithesome monkeys. Past the center: Rama stands on the shoulders of Sugriva surrounded by arrows; Laksmana, his brother, and an old demon, stand by Rama. Nearby, the demon king Ravana (10 heads and 20 arms) rides in a chariot drawn by mythical lions. Further on, Nala, the monkey who built Rama's bridge to Lanka, is between them leaning on the heads of two lions. He throws the body of one he has just beaten over his shoulder. A monkey prince tears out the tusk of an elephant, which is capped with a three-pointed headdress and throws him and the demon to the ground.
- Three tiers recount the judgment of mankind by Yama and two tiers depict Heaven and Hell. Inscriptions have identified 37 heavens where one sees leisurely pursuits in palaces and 32 hells with scenes of punishment and suffering. Draperies and Apsaras separate the two and a row of Garudas borders the tier in the bottom. The roof was destroyed by lightning in 1947 and subsequently the ceiling of this gallery was restored by the French. Traces of gilt can be on riders on horses at the beginning of the panel. The lower section of the panel was badly damaged and liter filled with cement. Lower tier: Yama, the Supreme Judge (multiple arms, wields a staff and rides a buffalo), points out to his scribes the upper road representing heaven and the lower one of hell. Departed spirits a wait judgment. Assistants to Yama shove the wicked through a trap door to the lower regions where torturers deliver punishments such as sawing a body in half for those who overeat. Lawbreakers have their bones broken. Some of the punished wear iron shackles or have nails pierced through their heads. Upper tier: A celestial palace is supported by a frieze of Garudas with Apsaras in the skies.
- 1150–1160Dharanindravarman IIAngkorSucceeded his cousin Suryavarman II 1160–1167Yasovarman IIAngkorOverthrown by his minister Tribhuvanadityavarman 1167–1177TribhuvanadityavarmanAngkorCham invasion in 1177 and 1178 led by Jaya Indravarman IV, looted the Khmer capital. 1178–1181Cham occupation, led by Champa king Jaya Indravarman IV
- 1219–1243Indravarman IIAngkorSon of Jayavarman VII. Lost control of Champa and lost western territories to Siamese Sukhothai Kingdom. 1243–1295Jayavarman VIIIAngkorMongol invasion led by Kublai Khan in 1283, and war with Sukhothai. Built Mangalartha. Zealous Shivaite Jayavarman VIII eradicated Buddhist influences. 1295–1308Indravarman IIIAngkorOverthrown his father in law Jayavarman VIII. Made Theravada Buddhism the state religion. Received Yuan Chinese diplomat Zhou Daguan (1296–1297). 1308–1327IndrajayavarmanAngkor 1327–1336Jayavarmadiparamesvara (Jayavarman IX)AngkorLast Sanskrit inscription (1327). 1336–1340Trosok PeamAngkor 1340–1346Nippean BatAngkor 1346–1351Lompong RachaAngkor 1352–1357Siam Ayutthaya invasion led by Uthong 1357–1363SoryavongAngkor 1363–1373Borom Reachea Iangkor 1373–1393Thomma SaokAngkor 1393Siam Ayutthaya invasion led by Ramesuan 1394-c.1421In ReacheaAngkor 1405–1431Barom Reachea IIOudongAbandon Angkor (1431).
- Chaktomuk era Longvek era Srey Santhor era Oudong era Loss of Mekong Delta to Vietnam
- Oudong 1863-1865 Phnom penh 1865-1953 King • 1860–1904Norodom • 1904–1927Sisowath • 1927–1941Sisowath Monivong • 1941–1953Norodom SihanoukPrime Minister • 1945Norodom Sihanouk (first) • 1953Penn Nouth (last)Representative • 15 July 1867Ernest Doudart de LagréeHistorical eraNew Imperialism • Treaty of 186311 August 1863 • Colonization17 June 1884 • Japanese occupationAugust 1941 • Constitution6 May 1947 • Independence9 November 1953 • Geneva Conference21 July 1954Population • 1931 est.2,803,000 Preceded bySucceeded byDark ages of CambodiaJapanese occupation of CambodiaJapanese occupation of CambodiaKingdom of Cambodia (1953-1970)
- Capitaland largest cityPhnom Penh11°33′N 104°55′EOfficial languagesKhmerOfficial scriptKhmer scriptEthnic groups(2013[1])90% Khmer 5% Vietnamese 1% Chinese 4% Other ReligionOfficial:Theravada BuddhismOther religions:Islam Christianity other GovernmentUnitary dominant-party parliamentaryelective constitutional monarchy• King Norodom Sihamoni• Prime Minister Hun Sen• President of the Senate Say Chhum• President of the National Assembly Area• Total 181,035 km2(69,898 sq mi) (88th)• Water (%) 2.5Population• July 2016 estimate 15,957,223[1] (65th)• 2008 census 13,395,682[2]• Density 81.8/km2(211.9/sq mi) (118th)