1. Aviation Safety, SecurityAviation Safety, Security
& the Environment: The& the Environment: The
Way ForwardWay Forward
Vince GalottiVince Galotti
Chief/Air Traffic ManagementChief/Air Traffic Management
ICAOICAO
Safety and EfficiencySafety and Efficiency
An ICAO PerspectiveAn ICAO Perspective
3. CONTINUED EVOLUTION TOWARD
A MORE GLOBAL AND SEAMLESS ATM SYSTEM
Global ATM Operational Concept
Provides the ICAO vision of seamless, global ATM system
Endorsed by 11th
ANCONF
SESAR and NexGen are adapting the concept
Performance Based Transition
Global Air Navigation Plan
23 Global Plan Initiatives
Stems from industry roadmap
Assists in establishment of performance objectives
Assists in implementation of ATM operational
improvements
4. 4
Safety Management
How do we ensure safety in the more
complex, synchronized global system
that we strive toward
5. 5
The evolution of safety thinking
TECHNICAL FACTORSTECHNICAL FACTORS
HUMAN FACTORSHUMAN FACTORS
ORGANIZATIONALORGANIZATIONAL
FACTORSFACTORS
TODAYTODAY
1950s1950s 1970s1970s 1990s1990s 2000s2000s
6. 6
Concept of safety
The elimination of accidents (and serious incidents) isThe elimination of accidents (and serious incidents) is
unachievable.unachievable.
Failures will occur, in spite of the most accomplishedFailures will occur, in spite of the most accomplished
prevention efforts.prevention efforts.
No human endeavour or human-made system can beNo human endeavour or human-made system can be
free from risk and error.free from risk and error.
Controlled risk and error is acceptable in an inherentlyControlled risk and error is acceptable in an inherently
safe system.safe system.
7. 7
Concept of safety (Doc 9859)
SafetySafety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons
or property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or
below, an acceptable levelacceptable level through a continuing
process of hazard identificationhazard identification and riskrisk
management.management.
9. 9
The big picture
Operation of aircraftOperation of aircraft
Maintenance of aircraftMaintenance of aircraft
Air traffic servicesAir traffic services
AerodromesAerodromes
Two audience groupsTwo audience groups
StatesStates
Service providersService providers
Three distinct requirementsThree distinct requirements
Safety programmeSafety programme
SMSSMS
Management accountabilityManagement accountability
10. 10
As of 23 November 2006
States shall establish aStates shall establish a safety programmesafety programme, in order to, in order to
achieve anachieve an acceptable level of safetyacceptable level of safety in:in:
The operation of aircraftThe operation of aircraft
The maintenance of aircraftThe maintenance of aircraft
The provision of air traffic servicesThe provision of air traffic services
Aerodrome operationsAerodrome operations
The acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall beThe acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall be
established by the State(s) concernedestablished by the State(s) concerned
11. 11
What is a safety programme?
An integrated set of regulations and activities aimed atAn integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at
improving safety.improving safety.
States are responsible for establishing a safetyStates are responsible for establishing a safety
programme:programme:
Safety regulationSafety regulation
Safety oversightSafety oversight
Accident/incident investigationAccident/incident investigation
Mandatory/voluntary reporting systemsMandatory/voluntary reporting systems
Safety data analysis and exchangeSafety data analysis and exchange
Safety assuranceSafety assurance
Safety promotionSafety promotion
12. 12
As of 23 November 2006
States shall require, as part of their safety programme, thatStates shall require, as part of their safety programme, that
anan [operator, maintenance organization, ATS provider,[operator, maintenance organization, ATS provider,
certified aerodrome operator]certified aerodrome operator] implements aimplements a safety
management system accepted by the State that, as aaccepted by the State that, as a
minimum:minimum:
Identifies safety hazardsIdentifies safety hazards
Ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain anEnsures that remedial action necessary to maintain an
acceptable level of safety is implementedacceptable level of safety is implemented
Provides for continuous monitoring and regularProvides for continuous monitoring and regular
assessment of the safety level achievedassessment of the safety level achieved
Aims to make continuous improvement to the overallAims to make continuous improvement to the overall
level of safetylevel of safety
13. 13
What is an SMS?
A systematic approach toA systematic approach to
managing safety, includingmanaging safety, including
the necessary organizationalthe necessary organizational
structures, accountabilities,structures, accountabilities,
policies and procedures.policies and procedures.
Providers are responsible forProviders are responsible for
establishing an SMS.establishing an SMS.
States are responsible of theStates are responsible of the
acceptance and oversight foracceptance and oversight for
providers’ SMS.providers’ SMS.
14. 14
As of 23 November 2006
An accepted safety management system shall clearlyAn accepted safety management system shall clearly
definedefine lines of safety accountabilitylines of safety accountability throughout thethroughout the
[airline, maintenance, ATS provider, certified aerodrome[airline, maintenance, ATS provider, certified aerodrome
operator]operator] organization, includingorganization, including direct accountabilitydirect accountability
for safety on the part of senior management.for safety on the part of senior management.
Note. – Guidance on safety management systems isNote. – Guidance on safety management systems is
contained in the ICAO Safety Management Manualcontained in the ICAO Safety Management Manual
(Doc 9859).(Doc 9859).
(Accountability – Obligation or willingness to account for(Accountability – Obligation or willingness to account for
one’s actions)one’s actions)
15. 15
Safety programme – SMS relationships
State
safety
programme
Organization’s
safety
management
system (SMS)
Organization’s
production
processes
Objective:
Public
safety
Objective:
Manage and
control
safety risk
Acceptance
Oversight
Objective:
Achieve
commercial
goals and
customer
satisfactionRisk management
Safety assurance
Protection Production
Oversight
16. 16
The essential is invisible to the eyes
Number of occurrences
1 – 5 AccidentsAccidents
30 – 100 Serious incidentsSerious incidents
100 – 1000 IncidentsIncidents
1000 – 4000
Latent conditionsLatent conditions
18. 18
Risk mitigation at a glance
Does the mitigation
address the hazard?
Does it address the
risk(s)?
Is it appropriate?
Is it effective?
Assessment of the
defences within
the safety system
R RR R
Accepting the
mitigation of
the risk
H H H H
Hazard identification
and
risk management
Control and
mitigation
of the risk (s)
Is additional or
mitigation warranted?
different
EACH HAZARD
Regulations
Training
Technology
Do the mitigation
strategies generate
additional risk(s)
EACH RISK
Feedback (Safety assurance)
19. 19
Safety culture
A construct
An outcome, not a process
The introduction of safety management concepts lays
the foundation upon which to build a safety culture
Safety culture cannot be “mandated” orSafety culture cannot be “mandated” or
“designed”, it evolves.“designed”, it evolves.
It is generated “top-down”It is generated “top-down”
20. 20
Positive culture
Positive
culture
Flexible culture
People can adapt
organizational processes
when facing high
temporary operations or
certain kinds of danger,
shifting from the
conventional hierarchical
mode to a flatter mode.
Learning culture
People have the willingness
and the competence to
draw conclusions from
safety information systems
and the will to implement
major reforms.
Informed culture
People are knowledgeable about the human, technical,
organizational and environmental factors that determine the
safety of the system as a whole.
Reporting culture
People are prepared to
report their errors and
experiences
Just culture
People are encouraged (even rewarded) for providing
essential safety-related information. However, there is a
clear line that differentiates between acceptable and
unacceptable behaviour.
Source: David Marx
21. 21
Summary
The global ATM system continues to grow rapidly
The growth will continue (environment?)
ICAO works toward a safe and efficient growth
Global ATM operational concept
Global Air Navigation plan
New approach to safety
Proactive, predictive
Performance based
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
