The document discusses safety management systems (SMS) and their importance in aviation. It defines safety as "a state in which risks associated with aviation activities are reduced and controlled to an acceptable level" according to ICAO. An SMS is presented as a systematic approach to managing safety through organizational structures, responsibilities, policies, and procedures. The key components of an SMS are safety policy, risk management, assurance, and promotion. Regulations in India require aerodromes to maintain an SMS. Risk assessment involves identifying hazards, evaluating consequences and probabilities, and treating risks.

1. Sub Title
dd/month/yyyy
MAB 2023.
Safety Management
System (SMS)
by Jayant Dasgupta
Date: 7th Dec 2023.

2. • Zero accidents (or
serious incidents)?
• Freedom from
danger or risks?
• Error avoidance?
• Regulatory
compliance?
… ?
What is Safety?

3. In the aviation
context,
if we don’t fly; are we
safe ?
What is Safety?

4. What is Safety?
ICAO Definition
The state in which risks, associated with aviation
activities or related to, or in direct support of the operation
of aircraft, are reduced and controlled to an acceptable
level.

5. Consider
The elimination of
accidents (and serious
serious incidents) can
can not be achieved.
Failures will occur, in
spite of the most
accomplished
prevention efforts.
No human endeavour
endeavour or human-
human-made system
can be free from risk
and error.
Bitter truth about Safety
Controlled risk and error is acceptable
in an inherently safe system

6. Protection
Production
Catastrophe
Resources +
The Management Dilemma

7. Protection
Production
Bankruptcy
+ Resources
The Management Dilemma

8. Management levels
Protection Production
Resources
Resources
The Management Dilemma

9. Cost-benefit analysis
Transferring Risks to Insurance Company
Indirect costs
Indirect costs may amount to more than the direct
costs resulting from exposure to hazards
Loss of
business
Cancellation
of aerodrome
licence
Damage to
the reputation
Loss of use of
equipment
Loss of staff
productivity
Legal actions
and claims
Fines and
citations
Insurance
deductibles

10. Transferring Risks to Insurance Company
Purchasing insurance
only transfers
monetary risk, it
does not address the
safety hazard.
The high costs
of exposure to
hazards can be
reduced by
insurance
coverage.
Direct
Costs

11. Safety Space
Production
Protection
Bankruptcy
Catastrophe
Source: James Reason

12. Way out

13. A systematic approach to
managing safety, including the
necessary organizational
structures, accountability,
responsibilities, policies and
procedures.
Safety Management System

14. Four Components (Pillars) of Safety Management System
Just Safety Culture
Top Management Commitment
Safety Policy and
Objectives
Safety Risk
Management
Safety Assurance
Safety
Promotion

15. The 4 Components and 12 elements of SMS
1 Safety Policy and Objectives
1.1 Management commitment
1.2 Safety accountabilities
1.3 Appointment of key safety personnel
1.4 Coordination of emergency response
planning
1.5 SMS documentation
2 Safety Risk Management
2.1 Hazard identification
2.2 Safety risk assessment and mitigation
mitigation
4 Safety promotion
4.1 Training and education
4.2 Safety communication
3 Safety Assurance
3.1 Safety performance monitoring and
and measurement
3.2 The management of change
3.3 Continuous improvement of the SMS
SMS
12 Elements of SMS

16. State Safety Programme (SSP)
SSP is a management system document
containing integrated set of regulations
regulations and directions aimed at
improving safety.
States shall establish the acceptable level of
safety performance (ALoSP) to be achieved
through their SSP.

17. State Safety Programme - India

18. What is a
The national aviation
safety plan (NASP) is the
master planning
document containing the
strategic direction of a
State for the
management of aviation
safety for a set period.
Aviation Safety
Plan (NASP).

19. NSAP
• file:///Users/dasg/MAB AIER/A _MAB/India NASP 2018-2022.pdf

20. Rule 29 D of the Aircraft Rules 1937 requires that every
organisation engaged in the operation of an aerodrome licensed
under rule 78 (Licensing of Aerodrome), shall maintain SMS and
prepare SMSM as specified by DGCA and submit to DGCA for
acceptance.
Under Rule 133A, DGCA has issued CAR Section 1 Series C
Part 1 on “Establishment of a Safety Management System
(SMS)” which requires an organisation engaged in the operation
of an aerodrome licensed under rule 78, shall develop, establish,
maintain and adhere to a safety management system.
India Regulations / References on SMS

21. A condition or an object with the potential to cause or
contribute to an aircraft incident or accident.
Birds
Hazard

22. Consequence
Consequence is potential outcome(s) of the hazard

23. Probability (Safety Risk Probability)
Probability is a likelihood of the safety
consequences or outcomes of a hazard.

24. 5
Categories
Frequent 5
Occasional 4
Remote 3
Improbable 2
Extremely
Improbable
1
Probability (Safety Risk Probability)

25. Severity Classification
5
Categories
Catastrophic A
Hazardous B
Major C
Minor D
Negligible E

26. Safety Risk
x
Probability Severity
Risk =
Risk is the product of predicted probability and
severity of the consequences or outcomes of a
hazard.

27. Safety Risk Index /Tolerability

28. Safety Risk Assessment Process
Communicate
and
Consult
Monitor
and
review
Yes
Describe the system and its
operational environment
Identify Hazards and consequence(s)
Classify the severity of the consequence(s)
Evaluate Risks
Treat Risks
Classify the probability of the consequence(s)
manifesting
Is the risk acceptable?
No

29. Any Questions ?