En prélude à la célébration du Cinquantenaire de l’ESSTIC qui aura lieu du 14 au 16 juin 2023, le Professeur Innocent Awasom de Texas Tech University Lubbock, et Fulbright à l'Université de Bindura au Zimbabwe a donné une communication intitulée: "Scholarly Products: Presentation Visibility and Collaboration" Cette conférence a eu lieu le 18 avril 2023, à l'ESSTIC.

1. Scholarly Products: Presentation
Visibility and Collaboration
INNOCENT AWASOM
FULBRIGHT SCHOLAR RTP
BINDURA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION, BINDURA -
ZIMBABWE
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY LUBBOCK, TEXAS - USA

2. Outline
 Definition of Research and research products - Scholarly Paper / Article
 Types of Scholarly Papers
 Structure / Format of a Research Paper IMRAC / AIMRDC
 Expand on the various structures
 Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion and Conclusion
 3 Reading Phases -
 Phase A
 Phase B
 Phase C

3. What is Research & what are the products
of Research?
 Research is an ORGANIZED and SYSTEMATIC way of Finding
ANSWERS to QUESTIONS.
 RESEARCH Uses the SCIENTIFIC METHOD of INQUIRY
 Research/science aims for measurable results through testing
(experimental or otherwise) and analysis.
 Science is based on FACT/DATA, not opinion or preferences.
 The scientific process challenges ideas through RESEARCH
 Research Products – Scholarly Articles/Papers/Whitepapers/
book reviews, short communications, letters to the editor, patents'.

4. Research Paper Structure AIMRDC / IMRAC
Abstract
Introduction and Literature review
Methodology
Results and Discussions
Conclusion
References
Appendix

5. Structure of a Scientific Paper
Wineglass Model for IMRAD research
Structure Toyosaki, 2015

6. Abstract
 The abstract comes first but is usually written last
when the paper is all done.
 It is a synopsis of the paper and captures the salient
points such as the whys / importance of the research.
The How of the research – that is the exact or
modified version of a methodology used and
justifications why method is used.
 It also provides a summary of the results and
conclusion or recommended areas of further studies.

7. Introduction and Literature review
 Introduce the topic. Origin of idea, raison
d’etre and justification of study
 Review the literature to ascertain what has
been written especially seminal articles on the
topic, gaps in the research and where your
study fits in the grand scheme of things.

8. Methodology
What research method are you using
for the study? Qualitative,
Quantitative or Mixed Methods and
why?
Any specificities and why?

9. Results and Discussions
Depending on Research Methodology, use
Charts, Tables, Figures, Diagrams etc. to
summarize the results to facilitate discussions.
Keep raw Data as Dataset and publish as an
addendum or appendix or wherever apriopriate.
Datasets count as independent paper in STEM
fields

10. Conclusions/ Implications of the
work
What does the findings add (new
contribution, new idea etc.) to the body of
work or global knowledge base?
Implications for the research area – further
research ideas, possibility of a
multidisciplinary approach
Ethnography in LIS ?

11. References / Bibliography
 All the sources you consulted, cited, used quotes from and used in your
write up
 Best to use a citation reference manager to keep track and to facilitate the
writing process. Most have a “cite while you write” plug in that links to your
personal set of data in the reference manager.
 Good way to avoid plagiarism but also make sure you use various software
to check for ethical violations.

12. Appendix
Original Data collected and presented at
the end

13. Reading Phases I
 Phase A : Survey the article to see if its worth investing
time in so you need to keep up with the literature of your
field
 Phase B : Look at key words and titles. Any relationship to
what you are working/researching on
 Phase C “ Read abstract and Conclusion and see if they
are relevant to your area of study/research
 If yes you can go further and if not, you discard the paper
as time is of essence.

14. Reading Phases II
 Generally, we read the sections as needed and not necessarily in the order
that they are written or presented e.g when perusing we move from
abstracts to conclusion and then methodology and discussions etc.
 We would need to read and reread multiple times for better
comprehension
 We may have to go look up other papers to better understand some
details
 It may be a tedious process but as you gain experience you become better

15. Parting thoughts
 Research is an exercise in patience and repetition is the order of the day
here. In science we conduct our experiments over and over until we are
confident results can be reproducible
 Some say Research builds character as we stay focused and work till a
logical conclusion. All the hard work may be rejected by a journal in the
blind peer review process.
 The process of doing the research and writing it up may have prepared
you for that and …..that’s the pathway for scholarship
 Rejection, correction, rejection, revise, corrected and resubmit and
ultimately acceptance and then the world reads your work.

16. References
 All materials consulted, reviewed and cited for the study.
Air on the side of caution and cite rather than be caught
in plagiarism web
 Use Citation Reference Managers (Zotero, Mendeley,
EndNote etc.) from the get-go to help keep track of
literature)
 Careful about self citation and paraphrasing
 Use Plagiarism software to crosscheck work before
submitting

17. Metrics and Scholarly visibility
 Measure scientific output or productivity of an
individual or institution useful in ranking and in
Promotion and Tenure or career growth
 Altmetrics to the rescue. Using ICT / Social Media
to track usage – Views, Downloads, mentions,
likes, etc.
 How are you prepared for this. Online Presence?
Academic Social Media?

18. Altmetrics
 Provides “TOOLS that help scholars TELL their
STORIES” in an Ethical Manner
 Increases VISIBILITY and IMPACT of their research
within and without the academic circles. (Open
science – Community Science)
 In “REAL TIME” – Article level discussion and metrics
 Perceived Value of institutional publications vis a vis
peer institutions

19. Researcher Identity?
 Is Everything online ?. Do you have an online
presence/profile ?
 Increase visibility of your research output via papers,
blogs, tweets – citation metrics
 Academic/online profile helps to establish your voice
and expertise
 Find potential collaborators, co-authors or help land a
job

20. Take control
Publish or perish syndrome – keywords,
engaging abstract, right journal and
relevant audience
Author rights – Do you know your rights
as an author?
Do you just sign the copyrights forms
provided by the publishers?
Rethink …… Don’t always hand over
rights to your scholarly works

21. Authors Rights ?
SPARC – Scholarly Publishing and
Academic Resources Coalition has useful
resources

22. Authors rights

23. Unique Researcher
Identification
 To enhance your discoverability, you need to have a unique
ID (a numeric string) like Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) for
articles
 Change of names (maiden, order of names, institutions etc.)
 Publons the new and improved ResearcherID Web of science
 ORCID – Open Researcher Contributor ID
 Google Scholar Citations

24. ResearcherID

25. ResearcherID = Publons
 Add pre-publication reviews to Publons
 Verifying Reviews
 Default Review Permissions
 The Author's Preferences
 Add Post-publication Reviews to Publons
 Assigning DOIs for your Reviews
 Printable Review Record for your CV
 Synchronize your ORCID and Publons accounts
 Adding Manuscripts

26.  ORCID – Open Researcher Contributor ID
 Connects Research and Researchers
resolving name ambiguity and ensuring
correct attribution of scholarship
 Can be linked to unique IDs in other systems
 Can be integrated with and capture citations
from datasets, publisher and grant agency
submission systems

27. Google Scholar Citations

28. Why unique Identifiers?
 Saves time as it consolidates your works in one place
 Improves your impact and enhances discoverability as
Publishers, Societies and funders ask for it.
 Plus …..you can share your ORCID in social media Profiles
[LinkedIn, Google +,Twitter and Facebook]
 Add in your email signature
 Build researcher social network to share article and enhance
visibility via fb, twitter, LinkedIn, ResearchGate, Zenodo etc.
Collaboration enhancers!

29. 30 Days Impact Challenge
eBook
by
Stacy Konkiel
 https://blog.impactstory.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/01/impact_challenge_ebook
_links.pdf

30. Thank You!
Questions?
awasom.afuh@ttu.edu