Glenn Bush, Woods Hole Research Center, USA Nick Hanley, University of Stirling, UK Daniel Rondeau, University of Victoria, Canada Presentation for the conference on Taking stock of smallholders and community forestry Montpellier France March 24-26, 2010

5. Drivers of forest loss Two key factors may be seen as the major threats to forests worldwide: 1. Conversion into agricultural and grazing land, due to population expansion and extensive pastoral systems (Deforestation) 2. Over harvesting (mining of the resource) for fuel wood, timber, NTFP and charcoal due to high dependence by predominantly rural populations to maintain their livelihoods (Degradation)

7. Forest Total Economic Value Direct economic benefits: Indirect economic benefits: Timber-Fuel wood, Construction, Charcoal Non Timber- Honey, wild food, medicinal plants, bushmeat Recreational use- Tourism Grazing Cultivation Soil - fertility and erosion control Water - conservation and regulation Carbon sequestration

12. Measuring economic impacts of REDD+ interventions on local livelihoods Financial vs Economic values Financial values – prices of goods and services as they accrue to private individual or Economic values – value of goods and services to individuals or groups as a whole adjusted to account for social and environmental concerns (welfare value) Which values to consider?

17. Survey Sample

18. Study Sites Uganda Queen Elizabeth NP Bwindi Forest NP N Key Protected Areas in Uganda Tengele CFM Budongo FR Kampala National Park Forest Reserve Hunting Reserve