a slide with simple understanding sentences on Natural Resources, conservation and its depletion.

1. NATURAL
RESOURCES,
CONSERVATION
& DEPLETION OF
RESOURCES
BY,
JONATHAN VINCENT, MBA(S-2),
ROLL NO.-16

2. RESOURCES
Any thing, which is useful man, or can be
transformed into a useful product or can be
used to produce a useful thing, can be
referred as ‘resources’.
Example: rocks, minerals, soil, rivers,
plants & animal.

3. NATURAL RESOUCES
 Materials that come from the Earth.
 Something useful for humans need to survive.
Those resources that are drawn directly from the
nature and used without modifications are called
Natural Resources.
E.g.: air, water, minerals etc.

4. TYPES OF NATURAL RESOURCES
 On the basis of origin:
 Abiotic
 Biotic
 On the basis renewability
 Renewable
 Non-renewable
 Inexhaustible
 Exhaustible

5. ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN:
ABIOTIC RESOURCES
 Abiotic natural resources are all the non-living resources
that cannot replace themselves easily and are obtained
from the surface of the earth’s crust.
 Some of these resources are reproduced at extremely
slow rates in terms of human life periods.
 Examples would include water, land, mineral ores such as
copper, gold, silver and aluminium.

6. BIOTIC RESOURCES
 Biotic natural resources are all living resources
that are able to reproduce, replace life and
grow in numbers.
 These are all the resources that are obtainable
from the biosphere.
 Example agriculture, fish, wildlife etc.

7. ON THE BASIS RENEWABILITY:
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
 There are some resources that cannot be exhausted and are
available in plentiful.
 These can be easily replenished through natural processes in
different ecosystems and are often known as renewable natural
resources.
 For example, sunlight and wind are two examples of renewable
natural resources.

8. NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
 These are those resources which are not
renewed/replenished and are affected by
human activity
 Non renewable resources are exhaustible and
are extracted faster than the rate at which they
formed. For e.g. fossil fuels.

9. INEXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCES
 It is a natural resource that will never run out so if
we take advantage of the greatest natural
resources will not be depleted and will continue
to exist, such as water, sunlight, tidal energy,
ocean energy and wind energy.
 Wind power technology is one of inexhaustible
resources examples.

10. EXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCES
 These resources are limited in nature
and they are non-maintainable.
Comes under non-renewable category.
Example: coal, petrol.

11. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
Conservation of Water
Conservation of Soil
Conservation of Energy

12. Conservation of Water
Conservation of water are essential for the survival of mankind,
plants and animals. This can be achieved by adopting the
following methods:
 Constructing dams and reservoirs to regulate supply of water
to the fields, as well as to enable generating hydroelectricity.
 Sewage should be treated and only the clear water should be
released into the rivers.
 Industrial wastes (effluents) should be treated to prevent
chemical and thermal pollution of fresh water.
 Judicious use of water in our day-to-day life.
 Rainwater harvesting should be done by storing rainwater and
recharging groundwater.

13. Conservation of Soil
Soil conservation means checking soil erosion and improving soil fertility
by adopting various methods. Let us know some of these methods.
 Maintenance of soil fertility: The fertility can be maintained by adding
manure and fertilizers regularly as well as by rotation of crop.
 Make compost from your kitchen waste and use it for your kitchen-
garden.
 Reforestation: Planting of trees and vegetation reduces soil erosion by
both water and wind.
 Do not irrigate the plants using a strong flow of water as it would wash
off the soil.
 Better use sprinkling irrigation.

14. Conservation of Energy
At Home:
 We should not keep lights unnecessarily switched on.
 Reduce the energy your appliances consume by analysing star ratings.
 Use solar cooker for cooking, which will make the food more nutritious and will
save your LPG expenses..
At Public Places :
 Switch off the fans and lights in the places like bus terminal and railway stations
when not necessary.
 Drive less, make fewer trips and use public transportations whenever possible.
 Big Hoardings, lightened up for the whole evening and nights are other wastage
of power which can be and should be avoided.

15. DEPLETION OF NATURAL
RESOURCES

16. Resource depletion is the consumption of a resource faster than
it can be replenished.
Over a period of time, many of our natural resources are being
depleted. Many activities of human society are responsible for
this degradation of the environment.
Agricultural practises such as indiscriminate use of fertilizers and
pesticides contaminate the soil.
Urbanisation, overpopulation, increase in use of carbon
monoxide producing automobiles, deforestation, deterioration
of water resources are all factors contributing to this depletion.
Depletion of natural resources refers to the exhaustion of raw
materials within a region. Our resources are getting depleted at
a faster rate than they are produced or renewed by nature.

17. Types of Degradation
Types
Deforestation
Desertification
ExtinctionErosion
Emission

18. DEFORESTATION : Deforestation is the clearance of forests by logging and/or
burning.
DESERTIFICATION: Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a
Relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies
of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.
EMISSION: When human or natural forces release chemicals or other
substances into the environment, the process is known as emission. Many
natural processes cause emissions. When a volcano erupts, it lets out acid,
and acid, ash, and many toxic gases.
EROSION: Erosion is the action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or
wind) which remove soil and rock from one location on the Earth's crust, then
transport it to another location where it is deposited.

19. KINDS OF RESOURCES
 Forest Resources
 Water Resources
 Mineral Resources
 Energy Resources
 Land Resources

20. FOREST RESOURCES
 Forest is an area with a high density of trees,
together with other plants, covering a large area
of land.
 Forests are home to 50% to 90% of earth’s species.
 These forests not only produce innumerable
material goods, but also provide several
environmental services which are essential for life.

21. Functions of Forest Resources
•Timber, bamboos, food, essential oils
•Latex, medicines etc.Productive
Functions
•Conversation of soil and water
•Prevention of drought
•Protection against wind, cold, radiation,
noise.
Protective
Functions
•Absorption, storage and release of gases,
water, mineral elements & radiant energy.Regulative
Functions

22. Direct Benefits
from
Forest
Timber for
Buildings &
furniture
Natural
habitat for
tribal
Beauty of
landscape-
Tourism
Manure &
wood fuel
Raw
materials for
industries

23. Causes of Deforestation
Construction of
Roads
Mining
Hydroelectric
projects Forest fires

24. Effects of Deforestation
Threatens
the
survival of
tribes
Reduces
forest
resources
Contribut-
es to
global
warning
Runoff
water &
floods
Soil
erosion
Extinction
of
organisms

25. WATER RESOURCES
Water resources are sources of water that are useful
or potentially useful to humans. Uses of water
include agricultural, industrial, household,
recreational and environmental activities. Virtually
all of these human uses require fresh water.

26.  Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining
life.
 Water forms 60% of our body weight.
 Water is a renewable and limiting resource.
 About three – fourth of earth’s surface is occupied by
oceans.
 About 97% of the earth’s water is strong saline.
 The rest 3% is freshwater.
 Pure, usable water on land is only 0.3%.

27. WATER USE
 About 70% of the total consumption is used in
agriculture.
 About 1.1% is used for domestic and municipal
supplies.
 Rest is used by various industries.

29. FRESH WATER SOURCES

30. Surface Water Under river flow
Ground Water Frozen Water

31. FRESH WATER USERS

32. Agriculture Industrial
House hold Recreation

33. WATER DEPLETED
 It is caused by over exploitation, excessive use and
unequal access to water among different social
groups.
 Increasing population, intensive industrialization,
deforestation and mismanagement of water resources
have caused a crisis

34. MINERALS RESOURCES
Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids having
a definite chemical composition and characteristic physical
properties.
 Minerals are exhaustible and non-renewable.
 Minerals are relatively plentiful.
 Minerals are over used by industries.
 Disposal of minerals have negative effects on environment.
 Metallic minerals – e.g., iron, copper, silver, gold
 Non-metallic minerals – e.g., sand, stone, salt, phosphates

35. USES OF MINERALS
The main uses of minerals are as follows:
 Development of industrial plants and machinery.
 Generation of energy e.g. coal, lignite, uranium.
 Construction, housing, settlements.
 Defence equipment weapons, armaments.
 Transportation means.

36.  Communication- telephone wires, cables, electronic
devices.
 Medicinal system- particularly in Ayurveda System.
 Agriculture – as fertilizers, seed dressings and fungicides
(e.g. Zineb: containing zinc, Maneb: containing manganese
etc.).
 Jewellery– e.g. Gold, silver, platinum, diamond.

37. CONSERVATION OF MINERALS
 Recycling – Minerals in products can be recycled.
 Reuse – reuse the beneficial items e.g. glass
bottles
 Substitution – Scarce minerals can be substituted
with more abundant minerals. e.g. ceramics,
alloys
 Reduce consumption – Consumers must decrease
their mineral consumption.
 Recycle industrial wastes – One industry may use
the waste products of another industry.

38. ENERGY RESOURCES
The substances from which we produce energy are known
as energy sources. We need energy for our day to day life.
The energy we use are of two broad categories:
1. Renewable source of energy
2. Non-renewable source of energy

39. Non-renewable
 The sources of energy that once used , cannot be reused are known as
non-renewable sources of energy. These are the energy sources which are
mined from the earth crust. These sources of energy are known as fossil
fuels and these took millions of years to form and cannot be regenerated in
a matter of years. The rate of consumption far exceeds the rate of
production of these resources
 These include:
* Coal
* Petroleum
* Natural gas
* Nuclear fuel

40. Renewable sources
 The virtually unlimited sources of energy which will not be exhausted in any
near future are known as the renewable sources of energy. These energy
sources are continuously replenished at a constant rate. About 16.7% of
global final energy consumption comes from renewable energy sources.
 The renewable sources of energy include:
Solar power
Hydel power
Wind energy
Tidal energy
Geothermal energy
Biogas

41. LAND RESOURCES
In the direct words
‘Natural resource in the form of arable land.’
Arable land (from Latin arabilis, "able to be plowed") is land
capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.
Land is among the most important natural resources. It covers
up only 29% of the earth’s surface and all parts of the land are
not habitable. The uneven distribution of population in different
parts of the world is mainly due to varied characteristics of land
and climate.

42. The change in the characteristic and quality of soil which adversely affect its
fertility is called as Degradation.
Land degradation is the most important environmental problem currently
challenging sustainable development in many parts of the world.
Land degradation means:
1) Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients.
2) Less vegetation cover
3) Changes in the characteristic of soil.
4) Pollution of water resources from the contamination of soil through which
water sweeps into ground or runoff to the water bodies.
5) Changes in climatic conditions because of unbalance created in the
environment.

43. Causes of land degradation
 Deforestation
 Soil erosion by wind or water
 Mining
 Industrialization
 Unsustainable agricultural practices
 Urban expansion

44. SOIL EROSION
 Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away of the top
layer of the soil.
 It washes away the nutrients in soil such as nitrogen,
phosphate and potassium are lost resulting in
infertility of the soil.
 In India in 1971 alone 6000 million tons of soil was lost.

45. CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION
 RAINFALL- raindrops directly strike the soil surface and
detach the soil particles.
 WIND- transportation of soil and sand particle by wind
by wind is best seen in deserts and along the
seashore.
 BIOTIC FACTORS- grazing by cattle, cutting down of
trees, agricultural activities, construction of buildings
and laying of roads.

46. DESERTIFICATION
 Desertification is a process by which fertile land
becomes desert. Causes for the origin of
manmade deserts,
 Removal of trees .
 Modern methods of agriculture instead of more
traditional .
 Over exploitation of fertile soil particularly in
areas of low rainfall by cultivating cash crops.