step-by-step tools for carrying out gender analysis, which help to raise questions, analyze information, and develop strategies to increase women's and men's participation in and benefits from projects and programmes.

1. BRIAN RICHARD KINTU, MONICA MACHA, GAUDENSIA
BAKILILE, GRACE RUPIA, KELVINWILGOD LYIMO,YAHYA
MPANGULE
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HARVARD, MOSER AND LONGWE GENDER ANALYTICAL
FRAMEWORK AND EXAMPLES TO TANZANIA.
HARVARD ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
ORIGIN
It origins back in the 1980,with a request to Harvard University for Women in Development (WID) training
from world blank.
The startingpointfor the framework was the assumption that itmakes economic sense for development aid
projects to allocateresources to women as well as men, which will makedevelopment more efficient which
was later known as the “efficiency approach”.
OVERVIEW:
Harvard Framework also known as the Gender Role Framework, one of the earliestframework for
understandingdifference between men and women in their participation in theeconomy.
Used to collectinformation fromthe community and from households,itdescribes who does each activity
who access and control resources and the influences of gender roles.
It has the Activity Profilewhich answers the question “who does what “for all relevantproductiveand
reproductive tasks.
It also includes Access and Control Profile,in this itidentifies the resources used in the task identified in the
activity profileand defines who has access to control over these benefits
The framework also includes theinfluencingfactors,identifies factors thatcauses thedifferences of roles of
each gender identified in the two profiles.
HOW AND WHERE IT CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN TANZANIA.
Mostly it can be used in refuge situations as(PeopleOriented PlanningFrameworks) , we can see this being
viable in Tanzania a good example is the Ownership of land ;in the pastthe land ownership was only on men,
but it’s not the casenowadays both men and women own land(Referral Land Act 199).
A projectusingthe framework will haveidentification,design,and implementation and eva luation stages
EXAMPLE
CARE TANZANIA (WOMEN AND ARGICULTURE PROJECT) DONE IN APRIL 2010
AREAS- LINDI RURAL ,NACHINGWEA LINDI REGION
-MASASI & MTWARA RURAL IN MTWARA REGIONS
PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO CONDUCT GENDER ANALYSIS IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY THE KEY
CAUSES THAT HINDER WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT, THE EQUITABLE PARTI CIPATION AND ACCRUAL
OF BENEFITS THROUGH THEIR I NVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR.

2. BRIAN RICHARD KINTU, MONICA MACHA, GAUDENSIA
BAKILILE, GRACE RUPIA, KELVINWILGOD LYIMO,YAHYA
MPANGULE
2
2
MOSER GENDER PLANNING FRAMEWORK
ORIGIN
It was developed by CarolineMoser,whereby she tried to fill the gaps left by the Harvard Framework, it’s a
tool for gender analysisin development planning.
GOALS:
Was to free women from subordination and allowthem to achieve equality,equity and empowerment.
OVERVIEW:
Moser Framework follows the Gender and Development approach in emphasizingthe importance of gender
relations.As with Women in Development (WID) Harvard Analytical Framework, itincludes collection of
quantitativeempirical facts.Goingfurther it investigates the reasons and processes thatlead to conventions of
access and control .Moser Framework Includes Gender roles identification,Gender needs assessment,
disaggregatingcontrol of resources and decision makingwith the households planningfor balancingthetriple
roles (reproductive, productive, community –managing activities).
It also includes thepractical needs arethe ones that, if met help women in current activity,strategic needs
that if met transformthe balanceof power between men and women.
EXAMPLE:
A GOOD EXAMPLE MOST COMMUNITIES IN TANZANIA WOMEN PLAY THE REPRODUCTIVE ROLES WHICH ARE
TAKI NG CARE OF CHILDREN, CLEANING COOKING ETC. WHILE MEN TEND TO ENGAGE ONLY ON ACTIVITIES
WHI CH ARE BENEFICIAL TO IN MONEY TERMS.
LONGWE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
ORIGIN
Sara HlupekileLongwe who currently is a consultanton gender and development based in Lusaka,Zambia
AIMS OF THE FRAMEWORK
To achievewomen’s empowerment by enablingwomen to achieve equal control over the factors of
production and participateequally in the development process.
OVERVIEW
It identifies three levels of recognition of women’s issues in projectdesign negative neutral and positivelevel.
Mainly was thatLongwe argues that poverty arises fromlack of productivity but from oppression and
exploitation.
The framework conceptualises for progressivelevels of equality,arranged in hierarchal order,with each higher
level of empowerment.

3. BRIAN RICHARD KINTU, MONICA MACHA, GAUDENSIA
BAKILILE, GRACE RUPIA, KELVINWILGOD LYIMO,YAHYA
MPANGULE
3
3
EXAMPLE:
PARTICULARLY USEFUL FOR GROUP COMMITTED TO PROMOTING EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT
THROUGH THEIR WORK.
SHE AS AN ICON THIS FRAMEWORK AND THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE OWNER ACTS AS A
BOOSTER AND EMPOWERMENT FOR WOMEN DUE ITS RELEVANCE E.G. MADAM. MWIGIRA WHO
CONTESTED FOR THE PRESIDENTIAL POST.