2. Spirometri
Suatu metode untuk menilai fungsi paru dengan
mengukur volume udara yg dpt dikeluarkan dari
paru-paru setelah inspirasi maksimal.
Merupakan metode yg cukup akurat untuk
membedakan penyakit paru obstruktif dan
restriktif
DEFINISI
4. Indikasi
Deteksi penyakit paru
Riwayat gejala penyakit paru
Nyeri dada atau ortopnoe
Batuk kering atau berdahak
Dyspnoe dan mengi
Pemeriksaan Fisik
Kelainan dinding dada
Sianosis
Suara napas melemah/menurun
Clubbing finger
Abnormalitas pemeriksaan penunjang
Analisa gas darah
Thorak foto
INDIKASI
5. Indikasi
Menilai keparahan dan progresifitas penyakit
Penyakit paru
PPOK
Fibrosis kistik
Penyakit paru intersisial
Sarkoidosis
Penyakit jantung
Congestive heart disease
Congenital heart disease
Hipertensi pulmoner
Penyakit neuromuskular
Sind. Guillian barre
Miastenia gravis
INDIKASI
6. Indikasi
Penilaian derajat resiko pasien untuk operasi
Torakotomi
Lobektomi
Pneumektomi
Bedah jantung
CABG
Koreksi kelainan katup
Operasi penyakit jantung kongenital
Transplantasi organ
Prosedur operasi normal
kolesistektomi
Bypass pd lambung
INDIKASI
7. Kontraindikasi
Kelainan akut yg dpt mempengaruhi hasil spirometri
seperti mual, muntah dan vertigo
Hemoptisis
Pneumothorak
Post operasi intra abdomen atau thorak
Post operasi mata
Post IMA
Aneurisma (ruptur ok peningkatan tekanan)
KONTRAINDIKASI
16. Case 1
Example: The following results are obtained from a 42 year old man.
Predicted Observed % Predicted
FVC (L) 5.10 3.30 64.7
F EV i (L) 3.83 3.18 83.0
FEVi/FVC (%) 75 96 --
Interpretation: The volume measurement (FVC) is decreased (65%) so there is a mild
restrictive problem. The flows (FEV1) are normal (83% of predicted) so
there is no obstructive problem.
Diagnosis: Restrictive only.
17. Case 2
Example: The following results are obtained from an 58 year old woman.
Predicted Observed % Predicted
FVC (L) 6.10 4.99 81.9
F EV i (L) 4.58 2.04 44.6
FEV1/FVC (%) 75 41 --
Interpretation: The volume measurement (FVC) is normal (80+%) so there
is no restrictive problem. The flows (FEVi) are decreased (44% of
predicted) so there is a moderate obstructive problem.
Diagnosis: Obstructive only.
31. CONCLUSION
Spirometry showed mild obstruction, and a firm diagnosis
of COPD was made. Marion was surprised to discover
that smoking was the cause of her symptoms and, with
support from the nurse, set a date for giving up. Her
doctor suggested that a bronchodilator inhaler (β2-
agonist or anticholinergic) might help to improve exercise
tolerance. Bronchodilators work by reducing air trapping
and the work of breathing
34. CONCLUSION
Ronald has severe COPD (his FEV1 is less than 30 %).
Bronchodilator therapy was stepped-up and Ronald showed
symptomatic benefit from a combination of beta-agonist and
anticholinergics. Pulse oximetry showed arterial saturation
of 89 %. Measurement of blood gases confirmed that he
was chronically hypoxic and long-term oxygen therapy was
instigated. In line with the NICE guideline he should be
started on a long acting bronchodilator (beta agonist or
anticholinergic) and as he has an FEV1 less than 50 %
predicted and has had frequent exacerbations he should
also be started on an inhaled steroid.
35.
36. Spirometry Interpretation
Baseline FEV1 = 3.24 (76 % predicted)
FVC = 4.82 (91 % predicted)
FEV1 / FVC ratio = 0.67
Post bronchodilator FEV1 = 4.17 (+ 930
ml and 29 %)
Slightly reduced
Normal
Slightly reduced
Significant
reversibility
37. CONCLUSION
John’s spirometry reveals a mild degree of obstruction
which was highly responsive (significant reversibility) to
the bronchodilator. This reversibility and John’s clinical
history are highly indicative of asthma, which spirometry
confirms. John was given advice on the long term
impact of smoking and the risk of developing COPD.
With this encouragement, John stopped smoking.
38.
39. 5. Tn. JE 65 thn, perokok berat dengan keluhan batuk
kronis dan sesak nafas.
Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan:
Pemeriksaan Nilai
sebenarnya
Nilai ramalan Persentasi
ramalan
FVC (ml) 2300 3950 58
FEV1 (ml) 1000 2800 36
FEV % 43 71
PEFR (l/mnt) 155 520 30
40. Nilai FVC menurun, tetapi penurunan yg menyolok
adalah FEV1, FEV % dan PEFR. Terlihat hanya
separuh dari FVC dapat diekspirasikan dalam satu detik
dan penurunan nilai FEV1 dan PEFR sebenarnya
sampai e6 % dan 30 % dari nilai ramalan. Keadaan ini
menggambarkan obstruksi saluran nafas. Diagnosis
adalah bronkitis kronik dan hasil diatas sesuai dengan
gambaran obstruksi
41. 6. Ny. MJ 40 thn, sesak nafas makin bertambah, tanpa
batuk, sejak beberapa tahun terakhir.
Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan:
Pemeriksaan Nilai
sebenarnya
Nilai ramalan Persentasi
ramalan
FVC (ml) 2000 3100 65
FEV1 (ml) 1750 2600 67
FEV % 88 84
PEFR (l/mnt) 420 400 105
42. Pada kasus ini FVC berkurang tetapi FEV1 menurun
secara proporsional. FEV % masih normal, juga PEFR.
Dalam hal ini tidak ada obstruksi saluran nafas, tetapi
terlihat penurunan kapasitas vital. Diagnosis pasien ini
adalah fibrosing alveolitis, hasil pemeriksaan sesuai
dengan gambaran restriktif.