This document summarizes several key human organ systems and their functions. It discusses the circulatory system which transports substances via blood vessels and heart. The respiratory system exchanges gases in the lungs. The nervous system allows communication through the brain and nerves. The digestive system breaks down food for absorption. Plant systems are also covered, explaining photosynthesis in leaves and root branching in soil.

1. PLANT AND
HUMAN ORGAN
SYSTEM
BY MR. BRAM

2. PLANT AND THEIR ROLE IN ENVIRONMENT
• Plant can be divided into several parts. There are Flower,
Seeds, Leaf, Stem and roots.
• One of the most important part is roots and leaf.
• Green leaf containing “Chlorophyll” or known as green
pigment, allowing them to do photosynthesis process.
• Question :
a. Why do you think roots branch out into soil ? You may be able to think
of 2 reasons.
b. Suggest why many leaves are very broad and thin ?

3. HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS
• The same with plants, animals and human also have organ. A
group of organ that work together is called an organ system.
• There are several organ system in human such as Nervous system,
Digestive system, Muscular system, Skeletal system, Circulatory
system, respiratory system and excretory system.

4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• The main function is to
breakdown food into smaller
pieces thus can be absorbed
by our body.
• Terminology :
Peristaltic movement.

5. NERVOUS SYSTEM
• The nervous system help different parts of the body to
communicate with one another. Signals travel along nerves from
the brain and spinal cord to all the other body organs.
• Main organ involved :
brain and nervous system
• Movement :
Conscious movement and unconscious movement.

6. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• The circulatory system transports substances all
over the body. It is made of tube called blood
vessels. These tube contain blood. The blood is
pumped around the circulatory system, by heart.
• Red blood cells:
The red blood cells (RBC) circulated around the
body are divided into RBC rich with oxygen and
RBC rich with Carbondioxide.

7. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• The main function is to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.
• Divided into upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.
• Upper respiratory tract consist of Nasal cavity, pharynx and
larynx.
• Lower respiratory tract consist of Trachea, Primary bronchi and
Lungs. Inside of the lungs consist of air sacs or Alveoli. This (Air
sacs) consist of a thin layer of membrane allow the carbon
dioxide and oxygen exchange.

8. HUMAN SKELETON
• The main function are :
1. Give shape to our body
2. Protect soft organs inside our body.
3. The place where red blood cells
produce (Red bone marrow)

9. JOINTS
• A joint is a place where two bones meet. There are 2 types of joints in our body, there are Fixed and
moveable joints.
• The skull has fixed joint in the cranium. The cranium is made up of several bones firmly joined together.
This help the cranium to protect the brain.

10. MOVABLE JOINTS
• Movable joints are divided into two
types of joints, they are Hinge joints
and Ball and socket joints.
• The example of hinge joints is your
elbow and your knee. The example of
ball-and-socket joint is the shoulder.
This Photo by Unknown
Author is licensed under CC
BY-SA-NC
Hinge joint on elbow Ball-and-socket joint on shoulder

11. STRUCTURE OF A MOVEABLE JOINT
• In joint, when two bones move again each other, a force called friction
tries to stop them. To reducethe friction:
a. The ends of the bones are covered with a very smooth, slippery
material called cartilage.
b. A thick, slippery fluid called synovial fluid fills the spaces between the
two bones.
c. The synovial fluid helps to lubricate the joint, like oil in the moving
part of an engine.

12. MUSCLE
• Together with skeletal system causing the body to move.
• The muscle are attached to the bones by tendons.
• The muscle are work by shorten or become longer. When the muscle become shorter, it is known as
contraction meanwhile when it become longer known as relaxation.

13. ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE
Upper arm consist of 2 main muscle,
they are biceps on the top and tricep
on the bottom. In order to make the
arm bend, the biceps need to become
shorter or contract meanwhile the
triceps on the bottom will getting
longer or relaxed. This mechanism
of biceps and triceps known as
Antagonistic movement on muscle.