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1. BJB AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE
BHUBNANESWAR
2015-16
“Challenges in the Migration to 4G”
DEPARTMMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
SEMINAR REPORT
ON

2. SEMINAR
ON
“Challenges in the Migration to 4G”
Internal Guide : Mr Pradeepta Kumar Dash
PRESENTED BY-
Birja Bhanu Guia
Roll .No : 2011ETC012

3. CONTENT
Introduction
Overview of the Challenges
Research Challenges
Mobile Station
Multimode User Terminals
Wireless System Discovery
Wireless System Selection
System
Terminal Mobility
Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
Security
Fault Tolerance and Survivability
Service
Multi-operators and Billing System
Personal Mobility
Future Scope
Conclusion

4. Introduction –
Why Migration leads to 4G ?

5. Over the past two decades, the way people communicate, stay
informed and are entertained has changed dramatically.
Introduction – Why Migration leads to 4G ?

6. There have been two major technologies driving this change:
 the Internet and
 mobile wireless communication.
However, people have a certain expectation for their Internet
experience that the mobile wireless environment has not fully met
since the speed at which they can access their services has been
limited.
Mobile operators realize if they are to succeed in today’s
communications landscape, they must address the quality of
experience for their users.
As a result, they are deploying broadband network technologies, such
as 3G and enhanced 3G With wireless broadband, people will more
readily access their Internet services , such as blogging, social
networking etc. Changes in mobile communications have always been
evolutionary. It will be a transition from 3G to 4G over a period of
several years. As a result, mobile operators must look for strategies
and solutions that will enhance their existing 3G networks, while
addressing their 4G.

7. Earlier Generation :
o 2G – 2nd Generation Mobile System
o GSM, IS-95, cdma One
o Low-bit-rate data
o 3G – 3rd Generation Mobile System
o Higher-data-rate service
o New technology
o GPRS
o IMT-2000
o Bluetooth
o WLAN
o HiperLAN
o Independent systems, all have there own shortcomings
o A single system is needed to replace all of them – 4G

8. o 4G – 4th Generation Mobile System
o Key Features from Users’ Point of View
o High usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology
o Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost
o Personalization
o Integrated services
o All-IP based network – any system / any time / any where
o Telecommunications services + data and multimedia services
o Personalized service
o Facilities for integrated services
o Challenge to Migrate to 4G
o Mobile station
o System
o Service
4th Generation

9. Overview of the Challenges

10. Overview of the Challenges
o Mobile Station
o Multimode User Terminals

11. o System
o Terminal Mobility

12. o Service
o Multi-operators and Billing System
o Personal Mobility

13. Research Challenges –
I. Mobile Station

14. Research Challenges
Mobile Station
o Multimode User Terminals
o Needs: terminals can adapt themselves for different wireless
networks
o Challenge – current technology is not completely feasibility
o One antenna and one LNA cannot serve the wide range of
frequency bands
o Need multiple analog parts
o Existing ADCs are not fast enough
o The fastest current ADC is still 2 to 3 orders slower
o Needs more interface functions for real-time execution
o More functions cause high circuit complexity

15. o Wireless System Discovery
o GSM – periodically broadcast
o 4G – more complicated because of
difference in network and protocols
o Solution and Challenge
o Scanning by software radio
o Load required software for network
o OTA (Over The Air)
o Free users from download
o Simplify network Management
o Long downloading time

16. o Wireless System Selection
o Needs
o Right network ensure QoS (Quality of Service)
o Challenge
o Network change from time to time – complicated to select
o Adequate knowledge of networks is required to make the
selection
o Precise understanding of supported service
o System data rates
o QoS requirements

17. Research Challenges –
II. System

18. Research Challenges – System
o Terminal Mobility
o Allows user to roam across
networks
o Solutions and Challenges
o Location management
o Original and current
located cells
o Handoff management
o System load, handover
latency
o Real-time multimedia
service
o No latency!

19. o Network Infrastructure and QoS Support
o Background
o Non-IP-based system – Voice delivery
o GSM, CDMA2000, UMTS
o IP-based system – Data service
o 802.11, WLAN
o Security and Privacy
o Background
o 2G / 3G: different standards implemented for their
unique feature
o Existing security schemes are inadequate for 4G
o Challenge
o Key concern for 4G – Flexibility
o Should be applied to different technologies and
devices

20. Research Challenges –
III . Service

21. Research Challenges – Service
o Multi-operators and Billing System
o Background
o Today’s system – a flat rate based billing system
o 4G – more comprehensive billing and accounting system
o Challenge
o User subscribe to many services from many providers at same
time
o One Single Billing Method Covers All

22. Personal Mobility

23. Future Scope
 The Framework for 4G System i.e Challenges and Possible Solutions
which are required for Further Research are Needed in the
Specified Domain.
 The deployment of LTE is another step in the evolution of the
mobile network.
 While the deployment of 4G radio access networks receives
considerable attention.
 As such, mobile operators are looking for solutions that provide
them with the highest levels of flexibility in architecting their
networks the high-performance and intelligence required for an
enhanced subscriber experience.

24. Conclusion
 Changes in mobile communications have always been
evolutionary. It will be a transition from 3G to 4G over a period
of several years, as is the case still with the transition from 2G
to 3G.
 As a result, mobile operators must look for strategies and
solutions that will enhance their existing 3G networks, while
addressing their 4G.
 The deployment of LTE is another step in the evolution of the
mobile network. While the deployment of 4G radio access
networks receives considerable attention.
 As such, mobile operators are looking for solutions that
provide them with the highest levels of flexibility in architecting
their networks the high-performance and intelligence required
for an enhanced subscriber experience.

25. Thank You