This document provides an overview of 4G technology, including its key features and capabilities. It discusses how 4G enables higher bandwidth and packet-switched networks with improved security. The document also outlines the evolution from 2G to 4G networks and some applications and advantages of 4G, while noting potential problems such as increased battery usage and costs. It concludes that 4G provides mobile multimedia access anytime, anywhere through integrated wireless services.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS​
• What is 4G?
• Features of 4G network
• What will 4G enable?
• Network specifications
• Evolution of 4G​
• Network Architecture
• Beyond 4G
• Application of 4G
• Advantages
• Potential problem
• Impact of 4G Spectrum
• Conclusion
• References

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What is 4G?
• 4G defines the fourth generation of cellular communications.
• 10 times faster speed than that of current third-generation, or 3G,
networks.
• Its higher data speeds could make smartphones much more
comparable to PCs, giving them better multimedia and gaming
capabilities.
• 4G is an upgrade from 3G and is presently the most extensive, widespread,
expeditious and high-speed wireless service.
• 4G wireless service has been devised to deliver high speed irrespective of the
technology which drives 4G. For instance, Sprint employs a technology
called WiMax for its 4G services, whereas Verizon Wireless employs Long
Term Evolution, or LTE.
• On an average, 4G wireless technology is expected to provide data transfer
rates from four to ten times higher than today's conventional 3G networks.

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Features of 4G network
 Higher Bandwidths
 Packet-switched Network
 Stringent Network Security
 Global mobility and network scalability

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What will 4G enable?
• Massive machine to machine communications
• Ultra-reliable low latency communications
• Enhanced mobile broadband
• Community
• Business & Industry
• Emerging Upcoming Technology

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Network specifications

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Evolution of 4G​

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Network Architecture – 2G, 3G and 4G

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Network Architecture –3G and 4G
• MCM was earlier used in DSL modems and digital audio-video broadcasts. It is a baseband process that uses parallel
equal bandwidth channels to transmit information.
• Two different types of MCM are likely candidates for 4G as listed in the above table. These are the multi-carrier
CDMA and orthogonal FDM using TDMA.
• Similar to single carrier CDMA systems, the users are multiplexed with orthogonal codes to distinguish users in MC-
CDMA.
• However, in MC-CDMA, each user can be allocated several codes, where the data is spread in time or frequency.

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Beyond 4G(5G)
• 5G technology refers to Fifth Generation initiated from late 2010s.
• Complete wireless communication with almost no limitations.
• It is highly supportable to WWWW (Wireless World Wide Web).
• High Speed high capacity
• Faster data transmission that of the previous generation, High Capacity.
• 5G is More Effective and More Attractive.
• 5G technology providing large broadcasting of data in Gbps.
• Multi - Media Newspapers, watch T.V programs with the clarity as to that of an HD
Quality.
• Faster data transmission that of the previous generations.
• Large Phone Memory, Dialing Speed, clarity in Audio/Video.
• Support interactive multimedia , voice, streaming video, Internet and other

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Application of 4G
• 4G Ultra high speed internet access
• 4G Data intensive interactive user services
• 4G Multiple User Video conferencing
• 4G Location-based services
• 4G Tele-medicine
• 4G HDTV
• 4G High Definition Video on demand
• 4G Video games on

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Advantages
• Affordable communication services.
• High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.
• Support for interactive multimedia,
• voice, streaming video, Internet and other broadband services.
• Global access, Service portability and scalable mobile services and
variety of quality of services provided.
• Better spectral efficiency.
• o seamless network of multiple protocol and air interfaces.

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Potential Problem
• Battery usage is more
• Hard to implement
• Need complicated hardware
• The equipment required to implement a next generation
network is still very expensive.
• Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure that
expenses are kept realistic
• New frequencies means new components in cell towers.
• Higher data prices for consumers
• Consumer is forced to buy a new device to support the 4G
• It is impossible to make your current equipment compatible
with the 4G network
• Presently 4G is available only in limited regions.

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Impact of 4G Spectrum
• On Society: 2G/2.5G/3G/4G/5G will be critical because it will enable unprecedented
levels of connectivity, upgrading 4G networks with five key functional drivers: superfast
broadband, ultra-reliable low latency communication, massive machine-type
communications, high reliability/availability and efficient energy usage.
• On Environment: The transmissions to and from proposed
2G/2.5G/3G/4G/5G wireless installations are radiofrequency emissions that are
an environmental pollutant found to cause cancer in both experimental animals and
humans, DNA damage, neurological damage and other adverse health
and environmental effects on birds, bees, and trees.
• On Sustainability: 2G/2.5G/3G/4G/5G technology will be able to increase energy
efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enable more use of renewable energy.
It can help reduce air and water pollution, minimize water and food waste, and protect
wildlife.

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Conclusion
4G can be best described in one word “MAGIC", which stands for: Mobile
multimedia Anytime Anywhere Global mobility support, • Integrated wireless and
personalized services. Though 4G is facing challenges and problems we believe
that future research will overcome these challenges and integrate newly
developed services to 4G networks making them available to everyone, anytime
and everywhere.

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References
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Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Feb. 24-25, 2012. [Accessed: 03-May-2021].
[3] K.Deepak, M. Mahak, K. J. Mohd, Y. Manoj “Beyond 3G: 4G Mobile Communication”. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering
and Technology (IJIET). Vol-1, Issue-2. ISSN: 2319 – 1058. [Accessed: 03-May-2021].
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[5] S. K. N. Narang, “3G Networks: Architecture, Protocols & Procedures,” Access Engineering. [Online]. Available:
https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9780070527997/back-matter/appendix6. [Accessed: 09-May-2021].
[6] 4G Wireless Standard,” University of Notre Dame. [Online]. Available: https://www3.nd.edu/~mhaenggi/NET/wireless/4G/. [Accessed: 09-
May-2021].
[7] “Problems And Solutions Of 4g Networks,” UKEssays.com. [Online]. Available: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-
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essay.php#:~:text=4G%20networks%20faces%20lot%20of,makes%20the%20mobile%20user%20unhappy. [Accessed: 09-May-2021].
[8] Ijrets.com, 2021. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/160314055-04.pdf. [Accessed: 09- May- 2021].