This document provides an overview of 3G and 4G mobile data communication technologies. It begins with an introduction to the different generations of mobile data (1G-4G) and their key technologies. It then discusses 3G services and limitations. The remainder of the document focuses on 4G technologies, including applications like virtual presence, sensors in public vehicles and traffic control. It also covers the technologies used in 4G like OFDM and MIMO. The document concludes by comparing the main differences between 3G and 4G.

1. 3G & 4G DATA COMMUNICATION
Presented by
Yousef Al-Safadi
Marketing Consultant & Trainer
Mobile: +962 777 444435
E-Mail: yousef.alsafadi@gmail.com

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
 Introduction - Mobile Data Generations
 What is the 3G & 4G Mean?
 3G Service Technology
 Factors Effecting on 3G & 4G Speed
 Why 4G?
 4G Applications
 Technologies Used in 4G
 Main Differences between 3G & 4G
 References
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3. INTRODUCTION – MOBILE DATA GENERATION (1/2)
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 First Generation Mobile Systems (1G)
 Voice Signals Only
 Analogue Cellular Phones
 NMT, AMPS
 Second Generation Mobile Systems (2G)
 Voice & Data Signals
 Digital Fidelity Cellular Phones
 GSM, CDMA, TDMA
 Third Generation Mobile System (2.5G)
 Enhance 2G
 Higher Data Rates
 GPRS, EGDE
 Third Generation Mobile System (3G)
 Voice, Data & Video Signals
 Video Telephony/ Internet Surfing
 3G, W-CDMA, UMTS
 Fourth Generation Mobile System (4G)
 Enhanced 3G/ Interoperability Protocol
 High Speed & IP-based
 4G, Mobile IP

4. INTRODUCTION – MOBILE DATA GENERATION (2/2)
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Technology 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G
Design Began 1970 1980 1985 1190 2000
Implementation 1984 1991 1999 2002 2010
Service
Analog Voice,
Synchronous
Data to 9.6kbps
Digital Voice,
Short
Massages
Higher Capacity,
Packetized Data
Higher
Capacity,
broadband
data unto
2Mbps
Higher Capacity
completely IP-
Oriented,
Multimedia
Data
Standards
AMPS, TACS,
NMT
TDMA, CDMA,
GSM, PDC
GPRS, EDGE,
1XRTT
WCDMA,
CDMA2000
Single Standard
Data Bandwidth 1.9 kbps 14.4 kbps 384 kbps 2 Mbps 2000Mbps
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA, CDMA TDMA, SDMA CDMA CDMA
Core Network PSTN PSTN
PSTN, Packet
Network
Packet
Network
Internet

5. WHAT IS THE 3G & 4G MEAN?
 3G, short form of third generation, is the third generation of mobile
telecommunications technology.
 This is based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications
use services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-
2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union.
 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless
Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.
 4G, short for fourth generation, is the fourth generation of mobile
telecommunications technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.
 A 4G system, in addition to the usual voice and other services of 3G, provides mobile
broadband Inter
 net access, for example to laptops with wireless modems, to smartphones, and to other
mobile devices. Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP
telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television, and
cloud computing.
 Two 4G candidate systems are commercially deployed: the Mobile WiMAX standard (first
used in South Korea in 2007), and the first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard (in
Oslo, Norway and Stockholm, Sweden since 2009). It has however been debated if these first-
release versions should be considered to be 4G or not, as discussed in the technical definition
section below.
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6. 3G SERVICES TECHNOLOGY
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Key Technologies Of 3G Limitations Of 3G
• Global roaming
• Voice Over IP (VoIP)
• Send/Receives Larges Emails
• Video conferencing
• High Speed Web/Maps Navigation
• Live TV streaming
• Speed:385 kb/sec - 2mb/sec
• Next Level Mobile Gaming/Multiplayer Gaming
• Rich Multimedia Services
• More Bandwidth, Security & Reliability
• High Data Rates
• Challenging To Build Necessary Infrastructure
For 3G.
• License Costs .
• Network Deployment Costs.
• Requires Closer Base Stations & Are Expensive.
• Power Consumption Is High.
• Needs Different Handsets.
• Response Of End User To New Technology.
• High Input Fees For 3G License .
• Lack of end-to-end seamless transport
mechanism spanning a mobile sub-network
and fixed one.
• Connectivity Problems.
3G networks tend to be area-specific, and
people outside of a covered region will not
be able to take full advantage of 3G.

7. FACTORS EFFECTING ON 3G & 4G SPEED
 Number of user’s in
area.
 Distance From
Antenna.
 Available network
resources.
 Type of Device and App
in use.
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8. WHY 4G?
 User requirements are growing faster than ever
 The limitations of the 3G mobile communication systems
 Many technologies like VoIP, broadband data access in mobile
environment etc.
 Need of deploying technologies that can integrate all these systems
into a single unified system
 For Business User
 Sales force automation.
 Video conferencing. (skype)
 Real-time financial information. ( bank App , mobile money services)
 For End User
 Video streaming, TV broadcast ,Video calls.
 Enhanced gaming , chat , location services.
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9. 4G APPLICATIONS (1/2)
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Apps Definition
Virtual Presence
• Uses hologram-generating virtual reality programs that provide an artificial presence
just about anywhere. For example, decide if you want to personally respond when
someone rings your front door while you are away from home.
• This means that 4G provides user services at all times, even if the user is off-site.
Virtual Navigation
• 4G provides users with virtual navigation through which a user can access a database
of the streets, buildings etc.
• A remote database contains the graphical representation of streets, buildings, and
physical characteristics of a large metropolis.
• Blocks of this database are transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle, where a
rendering program permits the occupants to visualize the environment ahead.
Tele Geo-processing
applications
• Combination of GIS(Geographical Information System) and GPS (Global Positioning
System) in which a user can get the location by querying.
Tele Medicine and
Education
&
Crisis Management
Tele Medicine and Education:
4G will support remote health monitoring of patients. For people who are interested in
life long education, 4G provides a good opportunity.
Crisis Management:
Natural disasters can cause break down in communication systems. In today’s world it
might take days or 7 weeks to restore the system. But in 4G it is expected to restore
such crisis issues in a few hours.

10. 4G APPLICATIONS (2/2)
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Apps Definition
Sensors in public vehicle
• Putting a chemical‐biological‐nuclear (CBN) warning sensor on every
government‐owned vehicle instantly creates a mobile fleet that is the equivalent of
an army of highly trained dogs.
• As these vehicles go about their daily duties of law enforcement, garbage collection,
sewage and water maintenance, etc. The sensors on the vehicles can talk to fixed
devices mounted on light poles throughout the area, so positive detection can be
reported in real time.
• Since 4G networks can include inherent geo‐location without GPS, first responders
will know where the vehicle is when it detects it.
Camera in traffic light
• Some major cities have deployed cameras on traffic lights and send those images
back to a central command center. This is generally done using fiber, which limits
where the cameras can be hung, i.e., no fiber, no camera.
• 4G networks allow cities to deploy cameras and backhaul them wirelessly.
Fast Route Selection
&
Traffic control during
disasters
Fast Route Selection
• Using a 4G network, those images can also be sent from the command center back
out to the streets. Ambulances and fire trucks facing congestion can query various
cameras to choose an alternate route.
• Police, stuck in traffic on major thoroughfares, can look ahead and make a decision as
to whether it would be faster to stay on the main roads or exit to side roads.
Traffic control during disasters
• 4G networks can allow officials to access traffic control boxes to change inland traffic
lanes to green. Instead of having to send officers to every box on roads being
overwhelmed by civilians who are evacuating, it can all be done remotely, and
dynamically.

11. TECHNOLOGIES USED 4G (1/2)
1) Orthogonal frequency-division
multiplexing(OFDM)
 (OFDM) is a method of encoding
digital data on multiple carrier
frequencies.
 Single channel utilizes multiple
sub-carriers on adjacent
frequencies.
 Sub-carriers in an OFDM system
are precisely orthogonal to one
another thus they are able to
overlap without interfering.
 It allows transfer of more data
than other forms of multiplexing
(time, frequency, code, etc.).
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12. TECHNOLOGIES USED 4G
2) Multiple-input and Multiple-
output (MIMO)
 Robust Radio Channel
 Effects of fading and multipath
interference mitigated o
 No breaks in voice calls or data
 Higher Throughput
 Faster downloads
 More Mbps with existing
spectrum and power
 Enables 4G Wireless Broadband
applications o
 WLAN (IEEE 802.11n/ad)
 WiMAX (IEEE 802.16m)
 LTE-A (3GPP Rel 10)
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13. TECHNOLOGIES USED 4G (2/2)
3) Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP)
 VoIP is the ability to make telephone calls over IP-
based data networks with a suitable quality of
service and superior cost
 VoIP Architectures:
 PC to PC
 Phone to Phone Via Internet.
 Phone to internet to PSTN.
 PSTN to Internet to PSTN.
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 Applications Of VoIP:
 Integration of data, voice and fax
 Video telephony & Enhanced
teleconferencing
 Advantages Of VoIP:
 Integration of Voice and Data
 More Bandwidth
 Cost Reduction
 Video Conferencing
 Free IP to IP

14. 4G ADVANTAGE / DISADVANTAGE
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Advantage Disadvantage
• Quickly download files over a
wireless network.
• Extremely high voice quality.
• Easily access Internet, IM, Social
Networks, streaming media, video
calling, etc.
• Higher bandwidth.
• 4G is 10 times faster than 3G.
• Support for interactive multimedia,
voice , Internet and other broadband
services.
• Seamless network of multiple
protocol and air interfaces
• New frequencies means new
components in cell towers.
• Higher data prices for consumers.
• Consumer is forced to buy a new
device to support the 4G.
• It is impossible to make your current
equipment compatible with the 4G
network.
• Carriers and providers have to plan
carefully to make sure that expenses
are kept realistic.
• Needs complex hardware.

15. THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 3G & 4G
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Parameters 3G 4G
Main Feature Voice & data Converged data & VoIP
Architecture Wide area cell based
Integration of Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), Blue
Tooth, Wide Area
Frequency Band 1.6 – 2.5 GHz 2 – 8 GHz
Bandwidth 5 – 20 MHz 100+ MHz
Data Rate 385 kbps – 2 Mbps 20 – 100 Mbps
Access WCDMA/CDMA2000 MC-CDMA or OFDM
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet
IP Multiple Version All IP (IPv6.0)
Operational 2002 2010

16. REFERENCES
 https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/4G_Wireless_systems
 http://connectindia-2011.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html
 http://www.slideshare.net/cgoyal4/generations-of-mobile-
communicationg-vs
 http://www.scribd.com/doc/210781507/4g
 http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/-/9789332508156/23dot-next-
generation-cellular-technology-4g/c23s9_xhtml
 https://about4glte.wordpress.com/applications/
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Yousef Al-Safadi
Marketing Consultant & Trainer
Mobile: +962 777 444435
E-Mail: yousef.alsafadi@gmail.com