Brain Computer interface presentation handled by team Golden Girls of baabtra.com

2. Date:3/04/2015
Team: Golden Girlzz
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Brain Computer Interface
(Bincy, Neethu & Sanooja)

3. What is Brain-Computer Interface?
❏ —Brain Computer Interface is a direct
technological interface between a brain &
a computer system.
❏ It is abbreviated as BCI
❏ —It is also known as Direct Neural Interface
(DNI) & Brain – Machine Interface (BMI).

4. ❏ —Brain-computer interface is an electrode
chip which can be implemented in the
brain through surgical procedure.
❏ When it is implemented in brain electrical
signal exchanged by neurons within the
brain are sent to the computer and then the
computer is controlled by person

5. ❏ This technology is based on to sense,
transmit, analyze and apply the language of
neurons
❏ It consist of a sensor that is implanted in
the motor cortex of the brain and a device
that analyses brain signals. The signals
generated by brain are interpreted and
translated into cursor movement on
computer screen to control the computer
Principle Behind BCI

6. ❏ —It consists of a silicon array about the size of an
Aspirin tablet that contains about 100
electrodes each thinner than a human hair.

7. Structure of HUMAN BRAIN:

8. How Brain Computer Interfaces Work

9. How Brain Computer Interfaces Work

10. BCI vs Neuroprosthetics
❏ Neuroprosthetics typically connect the nervous
system to a device, whereas BCIs usually connect
the nervous system with a computer system.
❏ Practical neuroprosthetics can be linked to any
part of the nervous system—for example,
peripheral nerves
❏ While the term "BCI" usually designates a
narrower class of systems which interface with
the central nervous system

11. Objective of BCI:
❏ —The goal of the Brain-Computer Interface is to
develop a fast and reliable connection between the
brain of a severely disabled person and a personal
computer .
❏ —The ‘Brain Gate’ device can provide paralysed or
motor-impaired patients a mode of communication
through the translation of thought into direct
computer control.

12. Types of BCIs:
❏ Invasive BCI
Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey matter of the
brain during neurosurgery.
❏ Non Invasive BCI
Non-Invasive BCIs do not involve neurosurgery. They are
just like wearable virtual reality devices.
❏ Partially Invasive BCI
Partially invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the
skull rest outside the brain rather than within the grey matter.

13. Next Step Humans!!!
❏ In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface had
been clinically tested on a human by an American
biotech company Cyberkinetics
❏ The first participant in these trials was a 25-year-
old man who had sustained a spinal cord injury
leading to paralysis in all four limbs .

14. Contd…
❏ Over a period of nine months, he took part in 57
sessions during which the implanted Brain Gate
sensor recorded activity in his motor cortex
region while he imagined moving his paralyzed
limbs and then used that imagined motion for
several computer- based tasks such as, moving a
computer cursor to open e-mail,draw shapes and
play simple video games.

15. How BCI Implements?
❏ A more difficult task is interpreting the brain signals for
movement in someone who can't physically move his own
arm. With a task like that, the subject must "train" to use the
device.
❏ —With an implant in place, the subject would visualize closing
his or her disabled hand. After many trials, the software can
learn to recognize the signals associated with the thought of
hand-closing.
❏ —Software connected to a robotic hand is programmed to
receive the "close hand" signal and interpret it to mean that
the robotic hand should close. At that point, when the subject
thinks about closing the hand, the signals are sent and the
robotic hand closes.

16. How Brain Computer Interfaces Works

17. Contd..
❏ This could even be accomplished without the
"robotic" part of the device. Signals could be sent to
the appropriate motor control nerves in the
hands, bypassing a damaged section of the spinal
cord and allowing actual movement of the subject's
own hands

18. Software behind BCI
❏ The technology is comprised of four main
components; a signal capture system, a signal
processing system, a pattern recognition system,
and a device control system.
❏ The signal capture system includes the electrodes
themselves and the isolated electronic amplifiers
❏ The signal processing system includes the
algorithms for the linear prediction of the signal

19. Contd...
❏ The pattern recognition system often used to be
composed of neural networks as to recognize
which neurons are producing these signals
❏ —Interfaces have been developed to control
different devices .

20. Applications
❏ One of the most exciting areas of BCI research is the
development of devices that can be controlled by
thoughts.
❏ For a quadriplegic, something as basic as controlling a
computer cursor via mental commands would
represent a revolutionary improvement in quality of life.
❏ Some of the applications of this technology are also
frivolous, such as the ability to control a video game by
thought , ability to change TV channels with your mind
etc

21. Limitations
❏ At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI
technology is the lack of sensor modality
that provides safe, accurate, and robust
access to brain signals
❏ —It is very expensive.
❏ Difficulty in adaptation and learning

22. Future Concerns
❏ —Light Reactive Imaging BCI devices are still in the
realm of theory.
❏ —This would involve implanting a laser inside the
skull.The laser would be focussed on a single neuron
and the neuron’s reflectance is measured by a separate
sensor
❏ When the neuron fires, the light pattern and wavelength
it reflects would change slightly . This would allow the
researchers to monitor a single neuron and require less
contact with the tissue.

23. Contd...
➢ Researchers of the Carleton University , Canada believe
that the same interface could form the basis of a mind-
controlled password system

24. Conclusion
❏ The results of BCI are spectacular and almost
unbelievable
● BCI can help paralyzed people to move by controlling
their own electric wheelchairs, to communicate by using
e-mail and Internet-based phone systems, and to be
independent by controlling items such as televisions
and electrical appliances
❏ Conclusively, BCI has proved to be a boon for
paralyzed patients

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