BrainGate is a brain implant system built and previously owned by Cyberkinetics, currently under development and in clinical trials, designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions, such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury. The Braingate technology and related Cyberkinetic’s assets are now owned by privately held Braingate, The sensor, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into computer commands..

1. Seminar on
BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY
Submitted By
Name- Chandan Kumar Sahu
Regn No-1606151005
MCA 3rd
sem

2. Contents
1.Introduction
2.Development
3.BCI Technology
4.Components
5.Working
6.Neuromotor Prosthetic Device
7.Chip Implimentation
8.Transmission Of Information
9.Advantages & Disadvantages
10.Conclusion
11.Reference

3. BRAINGATE SYSTEM
????????
“TO TURN THOUGHTS INTO ACTION”

4. INTRODUCTION
• It is a mind to movement system that allows a paralyzed
patient to control a computer using their thoughts.
• The system is to help those who have lost control of their
limbs, or other bodily functions, such as patients with
spinal cord injury to operate various gadgets such as TV,
computer ,lights, fan etc.
• It monitors brain activity in the patient and converts
the intention of the user into computer commands
• This can be used to control a robot arm or a cursor on a
screen

5. DEVELOPMENT
Company and Scientist:
• Brain Gate is a brain implant system
developed by the bio-tech company
Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with
the Department of Neuroscience at Brown
University.

6. BCI Technology
• B.C.I. stands per brain computer interface technology.
• Generally, a B.C.I. is a computer based system that
acquires brain signals. After acquiring brain signals, it
analyzes and translates into computer readable command.
• It provides the interface that enables the direct
communications pathway between brain and object to be
controlled.
• Our brain are filled with neurons, individual nerve cells
connect to one to another by axons. Every time we think,
move, feel and remember our neurons are at work.
• When we think to do any type of task, normally brain
generates some electric signals, and neurons take those
electronic signals and sends to part of our body .

7. BCI Technology (Cont.)
•Brain Computer interface is of three types based on its features
and are
• Invasive BCI
• Partially Invasive BCI
• Non Invasive BCI.

8. Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the
grey matter of the brain during neurosurgery .
Invasive BCI provides the highest quality of signals among BCIs
but are prone to scar –tissue build- ups.
NON -INVASIVE
No break in the skin is made .Activities are carried out on the scalp.
Hat Allows Computer Control By thought..
PARTIALLY _INVASIVE
Partially invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the skull but rest
outside the brain rather than within the grey matter. They produce
better resolution signals than non-invasive BCIs
Invasive
pedestal

9. The components in this system
•The converter: The signal travels to an amplifier
mounted on the user’s wheelchair, where it’s converted to
optical data and bounced by fiber- optic cable to a
computer.
•The computer: The computer translates brain
activity and creates the communication output using
custom decoding software.

10. NEUROCHIP
A four millimeter square silicon chip covered with about 100
hair-thin spaces. Which senses electric signals which are
generated by brain and sends towards computer.
When the person thinks of moving the computer curser,
electrode in the silicon chip is detect neural activity and
sends signal towards computer.
It sense electromagnetic signature of Neutrons

12. Working
• The Brain Gate neural interface device is a
propriety brain-computer interface that
consistof an Inter neural signal sensor and External
Processors.
• The sensor consists of a tiny chip containing
100 microscopic electrodes that detect brain
cell electrical activity.
• The chip is implanted on the surface of brain
in the motor cortex area that controls
movement.
Motor
Cortex

13. Working (Cont.)
• External Processors convert neural signals into an
binary signal under the users own control.
• In the pilot version of the device, a cable connects
the sensor to an external processor in a cart that
contains computers.
• The computers translate brain activity and create
the communication output, through which user
can easily access.

16. Chip Implimentation in Brain
 There Will Be Two Surgeries, One To Implant The Brain gate And One To Remove It.
Before Surgery, There Will Be Several Precautionary Measures In Order To Prevent
Infection; Patients Will Have Daily Baths With Antimicrobial Soap And Take
Antibiotics.
In Addition, MRI Scans Will Be Done To Find The Best Place On The Brain For
The Sensor. Under Sterile Condition And General Anesthesia, Doctor Will Drill A
Small Hole Into The Skull And Implant The Sensor Patients Will Receive Post-
surgical Care Including A CT Scan, Some Blood Tests, And Wound Care In The
Hospital For 1 To 5 Days After Surgery.
 After Surgery, One Of The Study Doctors Will See The Patients At Least Once At A Week
For Six Weeks, Then
Monthly And As Needed.

17. HOW INFORMATION IS
TRANSMITTED?
• When a work is done through any part of
body then a potential difference is created
in the brain.
• This potential difference is captured by the
electrodes and is transmitted via fiber
optic to the Digitizer(external processor).

18. • The digitizer converts the signal into some
0’s and 1’s and that is feed into the
computer.
• Thus a new path for propagation of brain
commands from the brain to the computer
via Brain Gate are created.
• Now when external devices are connected
to the computer ,then they work according
to the thought produced in the motor
cortex.

19. Brain Gate Research in
animals:
At first, rats were
implanted with BCI .
Signals recorded from
the cerebral cortex of
rat to operate BCI to
carry out the movement.

20. Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had demonstarted on
a monkey that can feed itself with a robotic arm simply by using
signals from its brain. Using only its mind the monkey was able
to control a cursor on a computer monitor via Brain Gate.

21. Brain Gate Research in Human
A boon to the paralyzed
•Mathew-Nagel the first person to use the
brain-computer interface to restore
functionality lost due to paralysis…

22. APPLICATIONS
 Typing words by
mind

23. A bOON TO The
PArALyzed
Mathew-Nagel the first person to use the brain-computer
interface to restore functionality lost
due to paralysis…

24. ADVANTAGES
• Controlling remote devices
• Making and receiving telephone
calls
• Accessing the internet.
• Turn on or off the lights
• Control robotic arm
• Watch and control television
• Use the pc
• Locking or unlocking doors
• Motorized wheelchair

25. DISADVANTAGES
• Expensive
• Risky Surgery
• Not Wireless yet
• Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
• Limitation in information
transform rate.
The latest technology is 20 bits/min.

26. WITH A BRAIN GATE YOU
CAN
 Turn on or off the lights of a
room
 Check and read E-mails
 Play games in computer
 Use PC
 Watch and control Television
 Control a robotic arm

28. Conclusion
• The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in
medical field. The remarkable breakthrough offers
hope that people who are paralyzed will one day
be able to independently operate artificial limbs,
computers or wheelchairs.
• The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices
not by manual control, but by mere “thinking”
(i.e., the brain activity of human subjects) has
been a fascinated approach

29. References
http://www.braingate.com/technology.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrainGate
http://www.howstuffworks.com/braincomputerinterface.htm
www.clinicaltrails.gov/ct2/show