Gradd 11 - Reading & Writing Skills 2nd Sem

1. Lesson 2
Reading and Thinking
Strategies:
Properties of a Well-Written Text

2. What I Need to Know
• By the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Discuss the meaning and components of a well-written text;
2. Explain the steps in achieving a well-written text;
3. Read and explore texts and determine if they are well-written or not
4. Create a well-written text; and
5. Reflect on your learning on the properties of a well-written text

3. What I Know
________1. This is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged.
________2. This refers to when the details of a paragraph are arranged according to
the order in which they happened.
________3. It is a set of conventions on how to spell, abbreviate, punctuate and
capitalize.
________4. This means that the sentences are arranged in a logical manner, making
them easily understood by the reader.
________5. To attain this property, one must be consistent with the use of pronouns.

4. Copy this figure on your paper and complete it by writing
what do you think makes up an effective or a well-written text.
What is a well-
written text?

5. Lesson 2.1
Reading and Thinking
Strategies:
Organization, Coherence and Cohesion

6. Text Organization
• is the way a text is organized that helps to guide the reader logically
through it.
• makes a text readable and its message clear
• Organization can be achieved through the following techniques:
1. Physical format
2. Signal words
3. Structure

7. Physical Format
• Format – immediately apparent to the reader
• how text physically appears (headings and subheadings, bullet points or
font emphasis)
• improper or superfluous formatting can be confusing

8. Example
Marxist ideology has three main theories. Historical materialism purports
that all the features of society can historically be traced back to economic
activity. Social class in capitalist societies is what produces unjust structures of
power that exist today. Socialism would be the next rational step for the
development of human society

9. Signal Words
• textual cues
• transition from one point to another, the ordering of events and
concepts, or the writer’s chosen text type (e.g., linear narration and question
and answer)

10. Example
Chuck Palanhniuk’s novel Fighting Club greatly influenced me as a fictional
writer. First, his use of the unreliable narrator fascinated me, and I have
written similar characters in my works. Second, the theme of patriarchal
oppression can also be found in the stories I write. Third, the novel’s stunning
twist is something that I have been trying to recreate. Thus, I am extremely
grateful to have encountered Palanhiuk’s genius early in my writing career.

11. Structure
• provides the framework consist the following:
• Beginning: introduction, thesis statement, hook
• Middle: supporting details
• End: conclusion, summary, final message

12. Example
Ancient philosophies believe that a person has an “aura,” this appears as a
rainbow of light around the body that can be seen by individuals with
clairvoyant abilities. The colors change depending on one’s mood, health, and
thoughts. Some scientists believe that the existence of the aura has something
to do with the electromagnetic fields produced by cells and tissues in the
human body. Whether auras are real or not, the fact remains that there are
forces everywhere that are real even though we cannot see them.

13. What I Have Learned
• By adhering to the structure, the writer can produce a text that is still easy to
follow. The topic, supporting details and concluding message is still clear to
the reader.
• Text organization makes a text easy to read. It prevents the reader from
becoming confused by a jumble of words, sentences, and paragraphs that are
in no particular order.
• Organization can be achieved through the physical format, signal words
and structure.

14. What is it?
Activity 10: Identify the signal words and phrases that the author has
used for arranging the details in the paragraphs. Write them in a 1 whole
sheet of paper.

15. Northern Mindanao is a region rich in culture, which can be seen in their
numerous festivals. One of the most popular festivals in the region is the Higalaay
Festival in Cagayan de Oro City. They celebrate the feast day of St. Augustine every
28th day of August. Another festival is Kaamulan Festival in Bukidnon. It is an
ethnic cultural festival wherein people allocate a relative amount of their time to
remember the culture and traditions of the seven ethnic tribes in their area. It is
also considered as a thanksgiving festival to celebrate their bountiful harvest.
Moreover, another famous festival in the region is the Lanzones festival in
Camiguin, which is a 4-day celebration of this fruit. It is held every 3rd week of
October. It is essential to note that the sweetest Lanzones can be found in the
islands of Camiguin. Regularly celebrating different causes as one whole community
shows that the citizens of Region 10 value camaraderie and friendship.

16. Some parts of this region are known to have preserved their tribal beliefs
and customs. An example is the Higaunon, a mountain tribe in Bukidnon.
Apparently, they still believe in the existence of spirits and gods. Furthermore,
they have a god for each element. Another superstition is they need to please
the spirits so they will experience something good in return. People in this tribe
still live according to their traditions with farming as their primary source of
income. Additionally, the ancestors of its current inhabitants mentioned that
the region was occupied by four tribes but when northern-central Mindanao
was divided into provinces, migrants from Visayas and Luzon began to
dominate the region. Since that happened, the tribal communities went to the
mountains and forests to continue living out their cultural heritage.

17. The region’s culture can also be seen in their establishments and churches.
These include: The Immaculate Conception Parish Church in Misamis Oriental,
Macapagal-Macaraeg Heritage House in Iligan City, and Saint Augustine
Cathedral in Cagayan de Oro. These places represent a glimpse of Northern
Mindanao’s history because the events that occurred in these locations moulded
Region 10 to be what it is today. The province of Camiguin is home to century
old churches such as the Santo Rosario Church and Old Catarman Church
Ruins. Baylao Church is considered as a miraculous place because a lot of
individuals connect it to how its existence saved numerous lives during the
eruption of Mount Hibok Hibok. Besides that, there are also a lot of ancestral
homes that can be found in this region that date back all the way to the Spanish
era.
https://www.nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/mindanao/region-x-northern-mindanao/54-region-10-profile/306-region-x-profile

18. If there is a clear
statement of purpose
position, facts,
examples, specific
details, definitions,
explanations,
justifications or
opposing viewpoints…
IDEAS are formed and
well-developed
ORGANIZATION

19. Coherence and Cohesion
• Coherence – unifying thought; clear relationship
• Cohesion – overall text has meaning

20. Coherence and Cohesion
• text with coherence has ideas that are logically sequenced in a way that
is easy to follow for the reader
• without cohesion no central concept links all these ideas together

21. Example
My favorite painting is the “The Weeping Woman” by Pablo Picasso, which
is an intriguing painting that symbolizes suffering. As a result, I love bright
primary colors, so I wear a lot of shocking yellows, blues, and reds. Also, as an
artist’s talent based on one standard.

22. Coherence and Cohesion
• has a central concept linking all the ideas in the text, and these ideas
are presented in a logical manner

23. Example
International Women’s Day is celebrated on the 8th of March of every year.
It began as a Socialist political event in several Western countries. Then, other
countries also started celebrating the holiday just as a way to express their love
for women. Currently, the United Nations observes the holiday as a way to
bring light women’s issues around the world.

24. Remember the following when trying to evaluate
if your text has cohesion and coherence:
Cohesion Coherence
Cohesion
and
Coherence
• difficult to
follow
• has no definite
point
• logically
sequenced and
stays on topic
TE XT

25. What is it?
Activity 11: Create a coherent paragraph by arranging the following
jumbled sentences. Then write your arranged paragraph in a 1 whole
sheet of paper. Don’t forget to observe proper mechanics in writing your
paragraph!

26. 1.
2.

27. What is it?
Activity 12: Read each of the following paragraphs. Identify the sentence
that does not belong in the paragraph, to make it more coherent and
cohesive. Write your answers in a 1 whole sheet of paper.