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Ch. 13 Sec. 2 Growth of Cities
- 1. Growth of Cities • Cities were unprepared for the rapid growth
- 3. • Positive results of the Industrial Revolution 1. Middle class dramatically increased 2. Mass produced goods improved the lives of the rich and poor 3. Middle class could move into the upper class
- 5. Upper Middle Class Lower Middle Class Poor Workers
- 6. • Negative results of the Industrial Revolution 1. Workers endured dangerous working conditions 2. Health problems due to pollution
- 8. Unions formed to try to improve the workers wages and working conditions
- 9. Britain tries to help the workers: 1833 Factory Act – put limits on child labor and required children to attend school 3 hours a day
- 12. Mines Act – barred women and boys under the age of 10 from working in the mines
- 14. Ten Hour Bill – women and children could only work 10 hours
- 15. Religious Transformation John Wesley • One of the greatest preachers in Britain • Methodist
- 16. George Whitefield • Another influential preacher • Had an international ministry • Played a key role in the Great Awakening in the colonies
- 17. Slavery and Slave Trade
- 18. In Britain • Quakers were the first religious group to combat slavery
- 19. John Newton • Wrote the hymn “Amazing Grace” • Former slave-ship captain • Became outspoken critic of slavery
- 20. John Newton
- 21. William Wilberforce • Member of Parliament • Lead the effort to abolish slavery in the British empire • Supported the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade
- 23. In America • William Lloyd Garrison – Editor of the newspaper The Liberator – A famous abolitionist
- 24. • Frederick Douglas – Former slave – Famous abolitionist
- 25. France • Napoleon revived slavery when he became the First Consul • Ended in 1804
- 26. Muslim World • Several million live in slavery TODAY!
Editor's Notes
- Pollution from industry; terrible labor conditions; lived in filthy and crowded housing Adequate housing, roads and sanitation did not keep pace Disease spread quickly by human contact or impure water
- Average worker gradually increased wages
- Upper – industrialists and wealthy investors Merchants and small business owners Poor workers
- Inventors tended to make machines that maximized production rather than worker safety Greed – housing providers crammed small apartments that lacked proper sanitation Factories dumped their waste into rivers and polluted the water supply Employers would replace their employees when they became ill or injured b/c there were so many willing to work
- Under 9 could not work in textile mill; from 9-13 could not work more than 8 hours a day
- While these efforts were well intended, in some cases they restricted the opportunities of women and children to work in order to meet their financial needs Reform was necessary, but legislation alone could not fix every problem
- Preached around 42,000 sermons
- Preached in Britain, Wales and American colonies Preached to as many as 20,00 at one time and often 13 times a week
- Played a key role in encouraging a promising member of Parliament to remain in politics
- Formed by Quakers and Anglicans because they didn’t have a voice in Parliament One month after his death Parliament passed a bill that effectively ended slavery in the British empire