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renal stone disease
1. The university of Georgia
Radiology
Atheer Ahmed 1330129
Renal stone disease
2. Definition
Kidney Stones are small, hard deposits of mineral
and acid salts on the inner surfaces of the kidneys
Alternative names include:
Renal Lithiasis
Renal Calculi
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stone Disease)
Stones are classified by their location in the urinary
system and their composition of crystals.
3.
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5.
6. Types of Stones
Calcium Oxalate
Most common
Calcium Phosphate
Struvite
More common in woman than men.
Uric Acid
Caused by high protein diet and gout.
Cystine
Fairly uncommon; generally linked to a hereditary
disorder.
7. Signs and Symptoms
Severe flank pain
Abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue
Elevated temperature, BP, and
respirations
UA positive for RBC
Objective Data: perspiration,
clutching of the abdomen,
doubled-over.
Steady Pain
Left flank tendernes
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9. Treatment
Two Focuses of Treatment:
Treatment of acute problems, such as pain, n/v, etc
Identify cause and prevent kidney stones from reoccurring
Acute Treatment:
Pain Medication!!!
Strain urine for stones
Keep Hydrated
Ambulation
Diet Restrictions
Emotional Support
Invasive Procedure (may be necessary)
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When oxalate combines with calcium, which prevents the oxalate from being absorbed in the intestinal tract. It then goes through the kidneys where is can pose a problem.
Stones classified by majority of crystal that they are composed of.
Foods high is oxalate, rhubarb, star fruit, beets, beet greens, collards, okra, refried beans, spinach, Swiss chard, sweet potatoes, sesame seeds, almonds and soy products, vitamin D, metabolic disorders, and bypass surgery increase calcium oxalate concentration in urine.
pain typically starts at side or back, just below your ribs, and radiates to ones lower abdomen and groin. Often begins when stone reaches ureters
Blood analyis-look at calcium levels
Intravenous pyelography: A contrast dye is injected into a vein in your arm and a series of X-rays is taken as the dye moves through your kidneys, ureters and bladder. Helps determine stone location and extent of blockage. Not for pt with renal failure.
do not need to over-hydrate since stone has already formed (2000-2200 ml/day)
-encourage patient to keep mobile to promote movement of the stone from the upper to lower part of the ureter.
Avoid foods high in ____: depends on the type of stone.
