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Polycystic kidney disease
1.
2. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited kidney disease.
It is denoted by cysts formation in the kidney and enlargement
of the kidney.
It is the 4th leading cause of kidney failure
It can also cause developing cysts in the liver and other
complication
It impairs kidney function and eventually lead to kidney
damage and failure
3. Certain symptoms of polycystic kidney disease may
include:
Blood in urine
Frequent urination
Pain in the abdomen and back
Slight feeling of heaviness in the back
Kidney stones
Pale skin colour
Skin that bruises easily
Joint pain
Nail abnormalities
Fatigue
Urinary tract infections
4. The cause of Polycystic Kidney Disease is mostly inherited, But less
commonly, it can occur in person who can previously any kidney
diseases.
There are three types of Polycystic Kidney Disease:
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease - Also called adult
polycystic kidney disease and account for 90% of cases. Someone
who has a parent with polycystic kidney disease has 50% chance of
developing such condition
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease - It is a much less
common type of polycystic kidney disease. Here, both the parent
should have polycystic kidney disease to develop polycystic kidney
disease for children.The person will have no symptom for polycystic
kidney disease if one gene is present.
Acquired cystic kidney disease- It is not inherited and usually occurs in
life. It may develop to patients who have other kidney problems.
5. A family history and knowing the symptoms can help the
doctor to diagnose polycystic kidney disease. Certain diagnose
techniques may include:
Abdominal ultrasound- Imaging technique to look for the cysts
in kidney
Abdominal CT scan- Imaging technique which can detect small
cysts in the kidney
Abdominal MRI scan-Technique which visualize kidney
structures and look for cysts
Intravenous pyleogram- Contrast dye which is used to look for
blood vessels more clearly in X-ray.
6. Some treatments can be used to decrease certain symptoms,
which may include:
Pain medication to decrease pain I abdomen and back
Blood pressure medication to decrease blood pressure
Antibiotics which will treat urinary tract infection (UTI)
A low sodium diet
Surgery to cut cysts and can relieve symptoms
Diuretics to help remove excess fluid from the body.
7. Certain complications can occur due to polycystic kidney
disease, such as:
Cysts in liver, pancreas and testicles
Cataracts and blindness
Liver failure
Kidney stones
Cardiovascular diseases
Bleeding and bursting of cysts
Brain or aortic aneurysms
Anaemia
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