This powerpoint includes the nucleic acid and its types, its biological importance in our human body..

1. NUCLEIC ACIDS
ASIYABI.M
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY

2. DEFINITION
Nucleic acid are macromolecules. They
are polynucleotides. They are
hereditary determinants of living
organisms.
OCCURANCE:
Both nucleic acids are present in all
animals,plants,bacteria and viruses.
They may be present in free state or in
combination with proteins and
nucleoprotein.

3. functions
Study of the chemistry and functions
of nucleic acids is essential to
understand normal cellular physiology
and disease at molecular level.
DNA is the fundamental unit of
genetic information.It stores and
transmits the genetic properties of an
organism.
RNA is involved in the synthesis of
proteins after receiving genetic
information from DNA.

4. COMPOSITION
 Nucleic acids are made up of several
mononucleotides. Each
mononucleotides contains nitrogenous
base, sugar and phosphoric acids.
Nitrogenous bases:
Two types of nitrogenous bases are
found in nucleic acids.
Purines
Pyrimidines

5.  Purines: It is a two ring
nitrogenous base.It contains a
six membered pyrimidine ring
fused with a five membered
imidazole ring.
 Phyrimidine: It is a single ring
nitrogenous base. It contains a
heterocyclic nucleus with two
nitrogen atoms at 1and 3
positions.

6. Sugars:
Ribose and deoxyribose are pentose
sugars present in nuleic acids. Ribose is
a 5-carbon aldose sugar present in
ribonucleic acid.D-2 deoxyribose is
present in deoxyribonucleic acid.
Phosphoric acid:
It is present both in DNA and RNA as
phosphate.

8. Nucleosides
Base
Adenosine,Guanine,Cyto
sil,Uraci
Sugar Ribose or
deoxy ribose.

10. TYPES
Ribonucleic acids
Deoxyribonucleic
acids
Nucleic
acids.

11. Deoxyribonucleic acids:
Location: DNA is present mainly in the
nucleus of cells.
Structure: It is a polymer of four types of
deoxyribonucleotides. All these
deoxyribonucleotides have D-2
deoxyribose as sugar moiety.Each
nucleotide contain one of the nitrogen
bases adenine,guanine,thymine.Each
one has phosphate group.purine and
phyrimidine bases carry genetic
information.

12. Types: DNA may exist in different double helix
forms. A,B,C,D,E and Z.
Formation:
It is formed from already existing DNA through
replication in the nucleus.
DNA RNA
Functions:
Genetic carrier: A segment of DNA is gene.it
carrier genetic information.
Inheritance: it provides the information
inheritated by doughter cells and offsprings.
Synthesis of DNA
Synthesis of RNA and Protein

13. RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS
Location: RNA is found mainly in the
cytoplasm.
Structure: It is polynucleotide containing
four types of ribonucleotides.It contain
60-6000 ribonucleotides.
Types: 1) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
3) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

14. Formation: It is formed from DNA in the
nucleus by transcription.
DNA RNA
Functions:
 RNA is involved in protein synthesis by
translation after receiving genetic
information from DNA.
DNA RNA
 Some RNA act as a catalyst.