The document discusses the history and structure of nucleic acids. It describes how Friedrich Miescher first isolated nuclein from cell nuclei in 1869. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. DNA contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of living organisms, while RNA plays important roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. The document outlines the basic structures of nucleotides, nucleosides, and the sugar-phosphate backbones that make up the structural units of nucleic acids.

1. Zarmash Noorzai
Rumla Khan
Khansha Chaudary
Tooba Tariq
Hossein Zamani

2. THE NUCLEIC
ACIDS
© 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

3. HISTORY

4. FRIEDRICH MIESCHER IN 1869
• Isolated what he called
nuclein from the nuclei of
pus cells
• Nuclein was shown to have
acidic properties, hence it
became called nucleic acid
© 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

6. THE DOUBLE HELIX (1953)
www.chem.ucsb.edu/.../images/WatsonCrick.jpg

7. INTRODUCTION

8. DEFINITION
Complex organic substance
present in living cells, especially
DNA or RNA, whose molecules
consist of many nucleotides linked
in a long chain.

9. TWO TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACID
ARE FOUND
© 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

10. THE DISTRIBUTION OF
NUCLEIC ACIDS IN THE
EUKARYOTIC CELL
© 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

11. DNA AS GENETIC MATERIAL: THE
CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE

12. TYPES OF
NUCLEIC
ACID

14. FUNCTIONS OF
NUCLEIC ACIDS

15. FUNCTIONS OF DNA

16. FUNCTIONS OF RNA

17. FUNCTIONS OF RNA

18. STRUCTURE OF
NUCLEIC ACIDS

19. NUCLEIC ACID
STRUCTURE

20. NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE
PHOSPHATE SUGAR
Ribose or
Deoxyribose
NUCLEOTIDE
BASE
PURINES PYRIMIDINES
Adenine (A)
Guanine(G)
Cytocine (C)
Thymine (T)
Uracil (U)

21. PURINES & PYRIMIDINES

22. RIBOSE DEOXYRIBOSE
CH2OH
H
OH
C
C
OH OH
C
O
H HH
C
CH2OH
H
OH
C
C
OH H
C
O
H HH
C
SUGAR
© 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

23. NUCLEOSIDE

25. STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN DNA AND RNA

26. DNA IS MADE OF TWO
STRANDS OF
POLYNUCLEOTIDE
P
P
P
P
P
P
C
G
G
T
A
A
P
P
P
P
P
P
G
C
C
A
T
T
Hydrogen bonds

27. RNA IS MADE OF
SINGLE STRAND OF
POLYNUCLEOTIDE

30. SECONDARY STRUCTURE

31. TERTIARY STRUCTURE

32. QUATERNARY STRUCTURE

33. DIFFRENCES
BETWEEN DNA AND
RNA

35. PHARMACEUTICAL
AND
BIOLOGICAL
IMPORTANCE
OF
NUCLEIC ACIDS

36. • Therapeutic nucleic acids are used to treat pathogenic infections
• Tnas are anti cancer and anti viral
• Used in cancers cardiovascular and autoimmune disease

37. • Control gene regulation ,transcription, translation and replication

40. • IMPORTANCE OF DNA:
• Storage of genetic information
• Control synthesis of RNA
• Sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the protein
development in new cells
•

41. `
• IMPORTANCE OF RNA :
• Synthesized from DNA for transportation of genetic information to
protein building apparatus in the cell
• m RNA is used to transfer genetic information through plasma
membranes