The Study was conducted at Waghapur (Purandar tehsil of Pune District). It Involves study of Foundation of Polyhouse and Greenhouse Structure to Marketing of Carnation flower.

1. Welcome!!!
1

2. 2
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
BARAMATI.
(AFFILIATED TO MAHATMA PHULE KRUSHI VIDYAPEETH RAHURI.)
PRESENTATION ON
MODULE NO: ABEL-ECON-4711
PROJECT PLANNING, FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HIGH VALUED CROP.
AT
SWAMI SAMARTH AGRO FARM, WAGHAPUR.
DI NOMINEE/CHAIRMAN: DR.B.N.PAWAR PRESENTED BY:
MR.BALLAL YOGESH BALASAHEB
MODULE INCHARGE: PROF. P.L.KOLEKAR. (REG.NO. BAB001/2016)
Experiential Learning Programme 2019-20

3. 3

4. Concept of Hi Tech Agriculture
4

5. Importance
of High Tech
Agriculture
Crops grown
under in adverse
climatic condition.
Biotechnology
Produce obtained
having a uniform
quality.
Exotic vegetables
and flowers can be
grown
Any type of land
is used for the
erection of
greenhouses and
polyhouses
5

6. Scope of High Valued
Crops
Quality floriculture product.
Meeting international sanitary and
phytosanitary standards.
Help to reduces wastage and
increases the yields.
Cold Storage Facilities and
Preservation.
Loan Facilities for Boosting the
Production.
Digitalized spray and fertigation
schedules.
6

7. World Scenario of Floriculture
 International flower trade increased.
 145 countries are involved in floriculture industry.
 The global floriculture trade is estimated to be at US$ 70 Billion at present
(ICAR Vision 2050).
 The Netherlands, USA, Columbia, Japan, Italy are well known as traditional
growers of the flowers.
 France and Switzerland together consume around 80 percent of the total
flower production (Global Horticulture (2014-2018).
 Recently Russia and the Middle East have also become important markets
demonstrating rapid market growth.
7
.

8. Top 10 Flower Producing Countries in the World (2018-2019)
Sr.No. Country Name Per cent share %
(Global)
1. Netherlands 52
2. Columbia 15
3. Ecuador 9
4. Kenya 7
5. Belgium 3
6. Ethiopia 2
7. Malaysia 1
8. Italy 1
9. Germany 1
10. Israel 1
11. Others 8
8
(Source: Worldblaze)
52%
15%
9%
7%
3%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%8%
Per cent share % (Global)
Netherlands
Columbia
Ecuador
Kenya
Belgium
Ethiopia
Malaysia
Italy
Germany
Israel
Others

9. Indian Scenario of Floriculture
 Major Flower cultivation states are:
i) Maharashtra ii) Karnataka iii) Andhra Pradesh iv) Tamilnadu v)West
Bengal.
 Bangalore is considered export hub.
 Major Flower importing countries are Netherlands, Germany, USA,France,
UK,Italy, Japan.
 Rose, Chrysanthemum, Carnation, Tulip and Lily account for 70-75 per cent
of the world trade.
 The Indian floriculture market was worth INR 157 Billion in 2018.
 The india has exported 19726.57 MT of Floriculture product to the world for
the worth of Rs.571.38 crores or 81.94 USD Millions in 2018-19.(Apeda)
9

10. Area, Production and Productivity of Floriculture in
India
Years Area (in 1000 Ha)
Production (in
1000 MT)
Productivity
2007-08 166 868 5.2
2008-09 167 987 5.9
2009-10 183 1021 5.6
2010-11 191 1031 5.4
2011-12 254 1652 6.5
2012-13 233 1729 7.4
2013-14 255 2297 9
2014-15 249 2143 8.6
2015-16 278 2184 7.9
2016-17 306 2392 7.9
2017-18 324 2785 8.6
2018-19
339 2858 8.4
(Advance
Estimate)
CAGR 11% 4%
10
(Source: National Horticulture Board)
166
167
183
191
254
233
255
249
278
306
324
339
868
987
1021
1031
1652
1729
2297
2143
2184
2392
2785
2858
2
2
3
5
AREA AND PRODUCTION
Area (in 1000 Ha) Production (in 1000 MT)
5.2
5.9 5.6 5.4
6.5
7.4
9 8.6
7.9 7.9
8.6 8.4
0
2
4
6
8
10
PRODUCTIVITY
Productivity

11. India’s Export of Floriculture
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Country Qty in MT
Value in
Lakh US$ Mill Qty in MT
Value in
Lakh US$ Mill Qty in MT Value in Lakh US$ Mill
U S A 3762.7 9902.23 14.8 3489.02 10497.73 16.29 4038.07 14692.43 21.09
Netherland 1809.32 5750.38 8.61 1855 6563.3 10.19 1518.92 7789.14 11.23
U K 2457.84 6838.96 10.21 2116.98 5320.13 8.26 1530.01 4470.63 6.36
Germany 2439.66 6241.66 9.34 1347.9 3667.89 5.69 1251.71 3938.55 5.69
U Arab Emts 1438.84 3449.3 5.15 1211.45 2929.65 4.54 1871.24 3434.08 4.89
Canada 748.52 1792.93 2.68 1133.35 2127.9 3.3 878.99 2341.81 3.37
Australia 250.07 1306.72 1.95 198.74 1312.95 2.04 250.53 1607.44 2.3
Italy 555.1 1609.93 2.4 522.49 1661.09 2.58 403.24 1578.9 2.25
Japan 365.05 1479.33 2.22 284.04 1360.83 2.11 310.37 1574.58 2.26
Malaysia 520.82 1202.27 1.79 793.46 1325.61 2.06 862 1539.92 2.19
Others 7672.43 15097.02 22.6 7751.04 13964.14 21.71 6811.49 14173.8 20.31
Total 22020.35 54670.73 81.75 20703.47 50731.22 78.77 19726.57 57141.28 81.94
11
Source: DGCIS

12. Top 5 India's Export Destinations Year: 2018-19
(Value & % Share in total)
Source: DGCIS
India’s Export Trend in last 5 years
India’s Export Growth trend in last
5 years
Source: DGCIS
Source: DGCIS
12

13. Major Flower Markets in India
13
1. K. R. Market
(Bangalore)
2. Dadar Market in
Mumbai
3. Gultekadi Market in
Pune
4. Flower Market in
Madurai (TN)
5. Flower Market in
Delhi
6. Jamalpur Flower
Market, Ahmedabad
7. Chalai Market in
Trivandrum (Kerala)
8. Flower Market in
Lucknow (UP)
9. Malikghat bazaar
(Calcutta)
10. Chennai (TN)
11. Jambagh Flower
Market (Hyderabad)

14. Production Share of Leading Flower Producing states (2016-17)
Sr.
No.
State Production (in ‘000
MT’)
per cent Share
1. Tamil Nadu 416.63 18.55
2. Karnataka 280.92 12.51
3. West Bengal 272.76 12.14
4. Madhya Pradesh 216.00 9.62
5. Gujarat 186.00 8.28
6. Andhra Pradesh 140.34 6.25
7. Uttar Pradesh 118.29 5.27
8. Maharashtra 106.77 4.75
9. Chhattisgarh 105.11 4.68
10. Assam 91.47 4.07
Others 312.11 13.89
All India Total 2246.40 100.00
14
(Source:National Horticulture Board)
19%
12%
12%
10%
8%
6%
5%
5%
5%
4%
14%
per cent Share
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
West Bengal
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
Andhra Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
416.63
280.92 272.76
216 186
140.34 118.29 106.77 105.11 91.47
312.11
0
100
200
300
400
500
Production
Production (in ‘000 MT’)

15. General Information about Carnation
Botanical name of carnation - Dianthus
Caryophyllus L.
• Origin- Europe and Asia.
• The Carnation varieties can be divided
into two main groups:
a) Standard varieties:
Gaudina,White Dona,Bizet,Kiro
b) Spray varieties:
Red Eye, White Prestige,Nadeja, Sonia
15

16. Indian Scenario of Carnation
Year Loose Flower Cut Flower Total
2012-13 0.00 148.38 148.38
2013-14 0.59 6.01 6.60
2014-15 0.61 5.20 5.81
2015-16 1.28 6.67 7.95
16
Production (000 Tonnes)
(Source:Agriexchange)

17. Importance of the Study
Selection of Project for
Acquiring the Knowledge
About the Hi-Tech
Cultivation
Hi-tech Cultivation improves the quality of
produce than the open field crops.
Our Prime Minister
Shri.Narendra Modi have
Vision for Doubling the
income of Farmer.
Export Quality Production is taken and
also Exotic Vegetables which cannot
grown in open field are possible
Hi-tech Farming keeps the interest of people
in farming
Government Schemes and Incentives
are also encouraging to farmer to take
such project for getting higher returns to
them. 17

18. OBJECTIVES 1) To know the
erection and
construction of
Polyhouse.
2) To study the
production practices
carried out in
Carnation cultivation.
3) To study Financial
Feasibility of
Polyhouse
Cultivation.
4) To Study the
Marketing of
Carnation crop.
5)To Study the major
problems incurred by
Polyhouse owners.
6) To study the trends
in domestic market.
18

19. 19
Research
Methodology

20. Survey of Polyhouse
Sr.No
.
Owner Name Address Established
on
Area Crop
1. Mr. Ganesh Purane
At/p- Babhulgaon, Tal-
Karjat, Dist-
Ahmednagar
2015 20 R
Cucumber and
Capsicum
2. Mr. Vijay Kunjir
At/p- Theur, Tal-
Haveli, Dist- Pune
2014 2 Acre Orchid
3. Mrs.Ankita Phadtare
At/p- Walchandnagar,
Tal- Indapur Dist-
Pune
2016 40 R
Rose and
Capsicum
4. Mrs.Madhuri Kunjir
At/p- Waghapur, Tal-
Purandar, Dist- Pune
2017 10 R Carnation
5. Mrs.Manisha Kunjir
At/p- Waghapur, Tal-
Purandar, Dist- Pune 2009 10 R Carnation
20

21. A. Primary Data
1.Interview with farm manager, labours and
owner.
2. Interview with wholesaler and retailer.
3. Observations.
B. Secondary Data
1. Information collected from Internet sites.
2. Previous farm records maintained by farmer.
3. Research Articles related to crop.
Sources of Data Collection
21

22. Location of Farm
22
India
Pune District
Waghapur, Tal- Purandar

23. 23
Results
and
Discussion

24. General Information about Farmer
24
Name of Farm Shri Swami Samarth Agro
Farm
Name of the Owner Mrs.Manisha Bhausaheb
Kunjir
Education H.S.C.
Contact No. 9623416897
Type of Polyhouse Saw Tooth
Type of Ownership Individual
Year of Establishment 2009-10
Area 10 ARE
Growing Crop Carnation

25. Achievements
Padmashree Dr.Appasaheb Pawar Modern Agriculture Hi-
Tech Award in 2010.
25

26. Sakal Agrowon Maharashtras Smart
Women Farmer(2016)
Sawitri Sanman Award.(2016)
Pune Municipal Corporation Award
26

27. Types of Polyhouses:
Saw Tooth Type
Shade Net
Polytunnel Fan Pad Type
Glass House
27

28. Criteria for site selection
 The land should be levelled.
 No windbreaks structure present upto 30 meters.
 No High tension electricity wire upto 5 meters.
28
Specifications for Greenhouse
A.Height: 5 to 6.5 m.
B.Direction: North-South
C.Gutter Direction: North-South
D.Polythene Thickness: 200 Micron
E.Distance Between two adjacent Polyhouse should be 4-5 m.
F. For Controlling the Light intensity and solar radiation, white shade
net(50%) is preferred.

29. Components of Polyhouse
G.I.Pipes UV Film Gutter Aluminium Profile
Clamps and Accessories Shade Net Insect Net Zigzag Spring
29

30. Nuts and Bolt Screw G.I.Wire
Curtain Ring Door
30

31. Steps of Erection of Polyhouse:
31
1.Marking 2.Foundation
3.Material
Spreading
4.Material Fixing
5.Erecting
Structure
6.Polythene
Fixing
7.Final Touch

32. Components of Irrigation System:
32
 PVC Pipes 63 mm
 Valves 63 mm
 Drip Laterals 16 mm
 Ventury 1.5"
 End Cap
 Grommet (16 mm)
 Takeoff
 Disk Filter
 Flush Valve 63 mm
 Sprayer , Electical Starter and
Cables
 5 HP Motor
 Air Release Valve 1“
 Fogger

33. Weather Control
Mist Irrigation and Fogger System
33

34. Climate Measurement
Humidity: Hygrometer Temperature: Thermometer
34

35. General Practices Followed in Carnation
Land Preparation
35

36. Bed Preparation
 Well drained red loamy soil with pH of
5.5 - 6.5.
 Size - 0.8 meter wide and Pathway is 50
cm.
 Neem Cake@1 kg/m2 Should be applied
Material Clay Soil Silty Loam Soil
Red Soil 55% 60%
Sand 15% 10%
FYM 30% 30% 36

37. Support System
37
Bottom Net:- 7.5 x 7.5 cm
Then one net of 10 x 10 cm
And two nets of 12.5 x 12.5 cm.
Distance between first three net is 10
cm
And between 3rd and 4th net is 20 cm.

38. Plantation of Carnation
38
Arrival of Planting Material Removal of Carnation
Cuttings from Box and
Watering it.
Fungicide Treatment Before
Planting.
Plantation of
Carnation Cuttings

39. Ideal schedule of drenching for Carnation
Day Operation Material Role
1st Planting
2nd Drenching Carbendazim(1gm/lit)+Humic acid Systemic Fungicide
4th Drenching H2O2 with Silver(1mi/lit) Disinfectant
6th Drenching 13:40:13 (1gm/lit)+silicon (1ml/lit) Macronutrient
8th Drenching Copper oxychloride(1.5gm/lit)+Humic Acid (1gm/lit) Fungicide
10th Drenching H2O2 with Silver (1ml/lit) Disinfectant
12th Drenching Silicon (1ml) Removing parasites, worms & fungal diseases.
14th Drenching Propargite (1ml/lit) Pesticide for kill mites.
16th Drenching Benomyl (2gm/lit) Fungicide
18th Drenching H2O2 with Silver (1ml/lit) Disinfectant
20th Drenching 13:40:13(1gm/lit) Macronutient 39

40. Intercultural Practices
40
Pinching
Disbudding

41. Method of Giving Fertigation:
• Fertigation given early in the morning
at 6 am.
• Recommended quantity of Fertilizers
are dissolved in sufficient Quantity of
water.
• After every fertigation, open flush
valve to drain off water from laterals.
• Recommended Fertilizer Dose –
30:20:30 gm/sq.mt/year.
41

42. Fertigation Schedule
• Fertigation from 4th week to 8th week:(Per 1000 m2 per day).
Every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
• Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday,
1540 gm – Ca(NO3)2
42

43. • Fertigation from 8th week to 12th week(Per 1000 m2):
• Every Monday, Wednesday, Friday,
• Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday,
1130 gm – Ca(NO3)2
43
1000 gm 19:19:19
250 gm 0:52:34
1280 gm 13:0:45
360 gm MgNO3
180 gm Borax

44. • Fertigation from 12th week onwards…(Per 1000 m2)
• Every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
• Every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday,
1130 gm – Ca(NO3)2
44
1160 gm 19:19:19
480 gm 0:52:34
2150 gm 13:0:45
290 gm Borax

45. Diseases occurred in Carnation
Fusarium Wilt
Control Measure:
Soil Sterilization and Sanitation.
Benomyl @2gm/lit of water.
Rust
Control Measure:
Mancozeb @ 1.5 gm/lit
Sulphur @ 1 gm/ lit
Zineb @ 1 gm/ lit
Control Measure:
Reduce Humidity.
Rovral @ 0.5 gm / lit
Grey Mould
45

46. Pest
Red Spider Mite Thrips Bud Borer
Control Measures:
Nuvan (Dichlorovos) + Nuvacvon
(Monocrotophous)
(1.5 ml + 2 ml / Lit.)
Control Measures:
Wettable Sulphur 1.5 gm/Lit.
Omite(Propergite) 1 ml/Lit.
Control Measures:
Larvin(Thiaodicarb) 0.4 gm / Lit.
Proclaim 0.2 gm / Lit.
46

47. Harvesting of Flowers
• Just Elongation of petals
out side the calyx.
• The best place of cutting
stem where at least 2
axillary shoots appears.
• In Production period the
flowers should be cut
every two days.
47

48. Grading And Packaging of Flower
• Stems should not be damaged
by pest, disease.
• Uniformality in flowers. Not
immature or Overmature.
• Flowers are Packed in paper
sleeves.
• A Bunch of 20 flowers.
48
Good Flower is:
 Stem Length: 70-80 cm
 Bud Size: 8-10 cm
Circumference.

49. Management Of Different Inputs
Input Source
Planting Material Florance Flora, Banglore and
K.F.Bioplants, Pune.
Labour Hired from Nanded District.
Manure/FYM Local Dairy Farm
Wrappers and Rubbers Pune
Fertilizers and Agro chemicals Fertilizer Store in Waghapur.
Electricity MSEB
Water Well
Credit Bank of India Saswad.
49

50. Human Resource Management
• Two labours are permanently hired from Nanded District of maharashtra that
includes 1 male and 1 female.
• Wages given are superior compared to other work.
• Labours are hired from Village area if there is quick Operations.
• Less utilization of labours due to less activities on farm.
Training for labours :
a. On job training .
b. Off job training .
Motivation :
a. On time payment.
b. festival bonus.
c. Yearly increment in payment.
50

51. Economics
51

52. FINANCIAL OUTLAY OF THE PROJECT
Crop – Carnation
Area – 1008 Sq.M(20 x 52 M)
No.of Plants - 21000
Sr.No. Particulars Cost
1.
a. Fixed Assets
b. Working capital for one year(2018-19)
c. Subtotal:
11,55,653
2,60,164
14,15,817
2.
Means of Finance
a. Owners capital Investment
b. Term loan from bank
c. Sub total
d. Assistance from NHM
3,12,500
9,30,000
12,42,500
2,63,000
3.
Bank Finance Required
a.Term Loan
b. Cash Credit
9,30,000
2,60,164
52

53. Cost of Erection of Polyhouse
Sr.No Particular Unit Rate Quantity Total
A Cost of Material
1 G.I Pipes Kg 50 7900 395000
2 UV Film(200 Micron) Sq.mt 50 3316 165800
3 Gutter kg 60 167 10000
4 Aluminium Profile mt 40 299 11950
5 Clamp and Accessories Sq.mt 22 1008 22176
6 Shade Net Sq.mt 28 411 11500
7 Insect Net Sq.mt 38 321 12200
8 Spring mt 6 1700 10200
9 Nuts and Bolts Sq.mt 8 1094 8750
10 Screw Nos 1.3 1240 1612
11 G.I. Wire Kg 55 25 1375
12 Curtain Rings Nos 2 118 236
13 Door Nos 1 1200 1200
Sub Total 6,51,999
53

54. B Irrigation System
PVC Pipes 63 mm Nos. 20 180 3600
Valves 63 mm Nos. 4 220 880
Drip Laterals 16 mm Meter 600 5.1 3060
Ventury 1.5" Nos. 1 1120 1120
End Cap Nos. 60 1.2 72
Grommet (16 mm) Nos. 120 0.5 60
Take off Nos. 120 1.5 180
Disk Filter Nos. 1 6000 6000
Flush Valve 63 mm Nos. 2 110 220
Sprayer , Electrical Starter and Cables 14000 14000
5 HP Motor Nos. 1 12000 12000
Air Release Valve 1" Nos. 1 70 70
Fogging System:
PVC Pipes 63 mm Nos. 16 180 2880
Connector ,Takeoff and Grommet (16 mm) Nos. 180 2.5 450
Foggers Nos. 110 9 990
Valves 63 mm Nos. 2 160 320
Total Irrigation Cost 45,902
54

55. Total Erection cost -
Cost of Material + Cost of Irrigation System
= 651999 + 45902
= Rs.6,97,901.
Per Sq. Mt Erection Cost - 697901/1008
= Rs.692/Sq. Mt.
55

56. Sr.No. Particular Unit Quantity Rate Total Cost(Rs.)Per Cent Share
1 Cost of land Acre 0.25 400000 100000 8.65
1 Red Soil Brass 90 1667 150000 12.98
2 Grading and Store Room Sq.M 150 200 30000 2.60
3 Water Storage Tank(50) 45000 3.89
4 Weighing Balance Nos. 1 10000 10000 0.87
5 Support System(Net and Girdles) 75000 6.49
6 Irrigation System 45902 3.97
7 Tools and Equipments:
Buckets(10 Lit) Nos. 4 100 400 0.03
Seacator Nos. 5 150 750 0.06
Sickle Nos. 5 40 200 0.02
Crates Nos. 2 250 500 0.04
8 Cost of Polyhouse Erection 697901 60.39
Total Initial Investment 11,55,653 100
Initial Investment
56

57. Depreciation of Fixed Assets(2018-19):
Sr.No
.
Particular
Total
Cost
Present
Value
Purchased
Year
Expected
Life
Remainin
g Life
Depreciation(20
18-19)
1 Land Cost@4 lakh per Acre 98250
2 Red Soil 115000
3 G.I Pipes 395000 39500 2009 20 11 32318
4 UV Film(200 Micron) 165800 16580 2014 5 1 149220
5 Gutter 10000 1000 2009 10 1 9000
6 Aluminium Profile 11950 1195 2009 10 1 10755
7 Clamp and Accessories 22176 2217.6 2009 10 1 19958
8 Shade Net 11500 1150 2014 5 1 10350
9 Insect Net 12200 1220 2014 5 1 10980
10 Spring 10200 1020 2009 10 1 9180
11 Nuts and Bolts 8750 875 2009 10 1 7875
12 Screw 1612 161.2 2009 10 1 1451
13 G.I. Wire 1375 137.5 2009 10 1 1237
14 Curtain Rings 236 23.6 2009 10 1 212
15 Door 1200 120 2009 10 1 1080 57

58. Continue…
16 PVC Pipes 63 mm 3600 360 2009 15 6 540
17 Valves 63 mm 880 88 2009 15 6 132
18 Drip Laterals 16 mm 3060 306 2014 5 1 2754
19 Ventury 1.5" 1120 112 2014 5 1 1008
20 End Cap 72 7.2 2014 5 1 65
21 Grommet (16 mm) 60 6 2014 5 1 54
22 Takeoff 180 18 2014 5 1 162
23 Disk Filter 6000 600 2014 5 1 5400
24 Flush Valve 63 mm 220 22 2014 5 1 198
25
Sprayer , Electical Starter
and Cables 14000 1400 2009 15 6 2100
26 5 HP Motor 12000 1200 2009 15 6 1800
27 Air Release Valve 1" 70 7 2014 5 1 63
28 Fogging System:
PVC Pipes 63 mm 2880 288 2009 15 6 432
Connector ,Takeoff and
Grommet (16 mm) 450 45 2014 5 1 405
Foggers 990 99 2014 5 1 891
Valves 63 mm 320 32 2014 5 1 288
58

59. Continue…
29 Grading and Store Room 30000 3000 2009 20 11 2455
30
Water Storage Tank(50
Thousand Litre)
45000 4500 2009 20 11 3682
31 Weighing Balance 10000 1000 2009 10 1 9000
32
Support System(Net and
Girdles)
75000 7500 2009 20 11 6136
33 Tools and Equipments:
Buckets(10 Lit) 400 40 2009 10 1 360
Seacator 750 75 2014 5 1 675
Sickle 200 20 2014 5 1 180
Crates 500 50 2014 5 1 450
Total 3,02,847 59

60. Yearly Depreciation
60
Year Depreciated Value
2010-11 81536
2011-12 99371
2012-13 132942
2013-14 228213
2014-15 47852
2015-16 101685
2016-17 125901
2017-18 171790
81536
99371
132942
228213
47852
101685
125901
171790
302847
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Depreciated Value
Depreciated Value

61. Fixed Cost Per Stem
Year
Interest on
Investment(10%)
Depreciation Total Fixed Cost Sales Quantity
Per Stem Fixed
Cost
2009-10 115565 0.00 115565 119301 0.97
2010-11 115565 81536 197101 240825 0.82
2011-12 115565 99371 214936 261003 0.82
2012-13 115565 132942 248507 119947 2.07
2013-14 115565 228213 343778 234897 1.46
2014-15 115565 47852 163417 256880 0.64
2015-16 115565 101685 217250 0 0
2016-17 115565 125901 241466 117971 2.05
2017-18 115565 171790 287355 233472 1.23
2018-19 115565 302846 418412 259863 1.61
61

62. Planting Cost
Sr.No. Particular Unit Quantity Rate Total Cost(2016-17)
1 Land Preparation
A Ploughing Acre 0.25 2000 500
B Harrowing Acre 0.25 1000 250
C Levelling Acre 0.25 1200 300
2 Bed Preparation
A FYM Ton 10 1500 15000
B Basel Dose
Hydrogen Peroxide lit 300 27.5 8250
Neem Cake kg 800 12 9600
Formalin lit 100 28 2800
Labour Charges for bed
preparation
Days 4 2000 8000
3 Planting Cost
A Planting Material No 21000 9.10 191100
B Transport Per Plant 21000 0.07 1500
C Labour Charges(4 labours) Days 2 600 1200
Total Planting Cost 2,38,500 62

63. Working Capital Requirement(2018-19)
Particular Unit Qty Rate Total cost
Manures and fertilizers
19:19:19 kg 155 50 7750
0:52:34 kg 60 80 4800
13:00:45 kg 180 65 11700
MgNo3 kg 4 30 120
Borax kg 31 55 1705
Micronutrients kg 22 45 990
Ca(NO3)2 kg 165 55 9075
Labour wages man days 365 400 146000
Transportation charges days 180 60 10800
Plant protection spray 60 258.3 15500
Packing material
Rubber Band kg 7 150 1050
Wrappers kg 80 50 4000
Electricity Charges unit 1200 5 6000
Fuel Charges Lit 100 68 6800
Other Expenses 6000
Total 232290
Interest Rate @12% 27875
Sub Total 260165
Planting cost
Total Working Capital 2,60,165
63

64. Yearly Working Capital
64
Year
Yearly Working
Capital
2009-10 542820
2010-11 200715
2011-12 201546
2012-13 424369
2013-14 228773
2014-15 229557
2015-16 No Production
2016-17 495988
2017-18 257452
2018-19 260165
542820
200715 201546
424369
228773 229557
0
495988
257452
260165
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Yearly Working Capital
Yearly Working Capital

65. Working Capital Per Stem
Year
Working
Capital
Interest @
12%
Total Working
Capital
Sales
Quantity
Per Stem
Working
Capital
2009-10 411060 49327 460387 119301 3.86
2010-11 179210 21505 200715 240825 0.83
2011-12 179952 21594 201546 261003 0.77
2012-13 424369 50924 475293 119947 3.96
2013-14 204262 24511 228773 234897 0.97
2014-15 204962 24595 229557 256880 0.89
2015-16
2016-17 495988 59519 555507 117971 4.71
2017-18 229868 27584 257452 233472 1.10
2018-19 232290 27875 260165 259863 1.00 65
3.86
0.83 0.77
3.96
0.97 0.89
0
4.71
1.1 1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Per Stem Working Capital
Per Stem Working Capital

66. Production and Income of Carnation
Year Quantity(Bunches) Total Income
2009-10 6279 640608
2010-11 12675 973930
2011-12 13737 990045
2012-13 6313 649085
2013-14 12363 976520
2014-15 13520 990800
2015-16 No Production
2016-17 6209 580085
2017-18 12288 911799
2018-19 13677 947601
66
6279 1267513737 6313 1236313520 0 6209 1228813677
640608
973930
990045
649085
976520
990800
580085
911799
947601
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
Production and Income of
Carnation
Quantity(Bunches) Total Income
(1 Bunch = 19 Flowers)

67. Average Prices Per Stem
Year
Sales
Quantity
Gross
Income
Average Price
Per Stem
2009-10 119301 640608 5.37
2010-11 240825 973930 4.04
2011-12 261003 990045 3.79
2012-13 119947 649085 5.41
2013-14 234897 976520 4.16
2014-15 256880 990800 3.86
2015-16
No
Production
2016-17 117971 580085 4.92
2017-18 233472 911799 3.91
2018-19 259863 947601 3.65 67
5.37
4.04
3.79
5.41
4.16
3.86
4.92
3.91
3.65
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2009-102010-112011-122012-132013-142014-152015-162016-172017-182018-19
Average Price Per Stem
Average Price Per Stem

68. Particular
Year Fixed Cost
Interest on
initial
Investment
Depreciation
Variable
Cost
Total Cost
Sales
Quantity
Gross
Income
Net
Income
2009-10 1155653 542820 1698473 119301 640608 -10,57,865
2010-11 115565 81536 200715 397816 240825 973930 5,76,114
2011-12 115565 99371 201546 416482 261003 990045 5,73,563
2012-13 115565 132942 424369 672876 119947 649085 -23,791
2013-14 115565 228213 228773 572552 234897 976520 4,03,968
2014-15 115565 47852 229557 392975 256880 990800 5,97,825
2015-16 115565 101685 217250 -2,17,250
2016-17 115565 125901 495988 737454 117971 580085 -1,57,369
2017-18 115565 171790 257452 544808 233472 911799 3,66,991
2018-19 115565 302847 260165 678577 259863 947601 2,69,024
Net Income of Carnation
68

69. Net Present Worth
Sr.No Year Benefit Cost Net Income
Discount Factor @
15%
NPW
1 2009-10 640608 1698473 -1057865 0.8696 -919882
2 2010-11 973930 397816 576114 0.7561 435625
3 2011-12 990045 416482 573563 0.6575 377127
4 2012-13 649085 672876 -23791 0.5718 -13603
5 2013-14 976520 572552 403968 0.4972 200843
6 2014-15 990800 392975 597825 0.4323 258456
7 2015-16 217250 -217250 0.3759 -81672
8 2016-17 580085 737454 -157369 0.3269 -51444
9 2017-18 911799 544808 366991 0.2843 104322
10 2018-19 947601 678577 269024 0.2472 66499
Total 3,76,270
Interpretation: The Net Present Worth is Rs.3,76,270 which is positive, Hence Project is Economically
Feasible and Accepted.
69

70. Benefit Cost Ratio
Year Benefit Cost
Discount Factor @
15 %
Pw of cost Pw of Benefit
2009-10 640608 1698473 0.8696 1476933 557050
2010-11 973930 397816 0.7561 300806 736431
2011-12 990045 416482 0.6575 273844 650971
2012-13 649085 672876 0.5718 384719 371116
2013-14 976520 572552 0.4972 284660 485503
2014-15 990800 392975 0.4323 169894 428350
2015-16 217250 0.3759 81672
2016-17 580085 737454 0.3269 241075 189631
2017-18 911799 544808 0.2843 154868 259190
2018-19 947601 678577 0.2472 167734 234232
35,36,205 39,12,475
Benefit Cost Ratio is 1.11 which is greater than 1 , Hence Selected Project is
Financially Feasible.
Interpretation:
70

71. Internal Rate of Return
Year Benefit Cost Net Income
D.F
LDR(15%) NPW @15%
D.F
HDR(31%) NPW @31%
2009-10 640608 1698473 -1057865 0.8696 -919882 0.7634 -807530
2010-11 973930 397816 576114 0.7561 435625 0.5827 335711
2011-12 990045 416482 573563 0.6575 377127 0.4448 255133
2012-13 649085 672876 -23791 0.5718 -13603 0.3396 -8078
2013-14 976520 572552 403968 0.4972 200843 0.2592 104711
2014-15 990800 392975 597825 0.4323 258456 0.1979 118290
2015-16 217250 -217250 0.3759 -81672 0.1510 -32814
2016-17 580085 737454 -157369 0.3269 -51444 0.1153 -18145
2017-18 911799 544808 366991 0.2843 104322 0.0880 32301
2018-19 947601 678577 269024 0.2472 66499 0.0672 18075
3,76,270 -2,347
IRR is 30.9 Which is Greater than LDR. So Project is Feasible and Accepted Financially.
Interpretation:
71

72. Payback Period - Initial Capital Investment / Average Annual Net Income
=1155653 /133121
= 8.68
Interpretation: The Payback Period is 8 years 8 month 5 days.
72

73. 1.
Break Even Point(In Physical
Term)
F/(P-V) 418412/(3.65-1.00) 1,58,167 Stems
2.
Break Even Point(In Monetory
Term)
F/1-(V/P)
418412/1-(1.001/3.6465) Rs.5,76,722
3.
Margin of Safety(In Physical
Term)
Total Output(Sales Qty.) -
output at BEP
259863 - 158167
1,01,696 Stems of
Flowers.
4.
Margin of Safety(In Monetory
Term)
Total Revenue-Revenue at
BEP
947601 - 576722
Rs.3,70,879.
5.
Percentage of Margin of
Safety(In Physical Term)
BEP(In Physical) / Volume of
Output(Total Quantity
Produced) x100
158167/259863 x100 60.86 %
6.
Percentage of Margin of
Safety(In Monetory)
BEP(In Monetory Terms) /
Volume of output x100
576722/947601 x 100 60.86 %
Break Even Analysis
73

74. Break Even Analysis(Graphical Representation)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
quantity (per stem)
Sales
(In
Rs.)
90000
180000
270000
360000
450000
540000
630000
720000
BEP
Break Even Return
Break
Even
Quantity
Fixed cost Line
Initial Investment
74

75. Financial Ratio Analysis
1 Current Ratio Total Current Assets/Total current liabilities 3.83
2 Net Capital Ratio Total assets/ Total liabilities 5.82
3
Current liability
Ratio
Current liabilities/Owners equity 0.21
4 Debt Equity Ratio Total Debts/Owners Equity 0.21
5
Equity Value
Ratio
Owners equity/Value of assets 0.83
75

76. 6 Operating Ratio Total operating expenses/Gross income 0.27
7 Fixed Ratio Fixed Expenses/ Gross Income 0.44
8 Gross Ratio Total Expenses / Gross Income 0.72
9
Capital Turnover
Ratio
Gross Income/ Average Capital Investment 0.82
10
Rate of Return on
Investment
Net Return to capital/Average Capital investment 0.23
76

77. 77

78. Product
Price
Place
Promotion
 Colour: Red,Pink,White,Yellow
 Bud Size:2-4cm.
 Packaging – Paper Sleeve
Rs.50 to Rs.200 Per Bunch.
Price Varies.
High Demand in Festivals ,
weeding seasons.
Domestic
Market(Gultekadi Pune).
 Mouth to Mouth Publicity.
 Social Media.
 Visiting Cards.
78

79. Marketing Channel for Carnation
Producer Wholesaler
Retailer/
Florist Consumer
79

80. Marketing Cost For 1 Bunch of Carnation
Sr.No. Particular Amount( Rs.)
A Cost Incurred by Farmer:
1. Transportation Charges 1.2
2. Loading and Unloading Charges 0.3
3. Packaging Material 2.0
Sub Total 3.5
Price Received By Farmer 78
B Cost incurred by wholesaler:
Market Fee(2 Percent) 1.8
Commision (3 Percent) 2.7
Unloading Charges 0.5
Sub Total 5
Price Received By Wholesaler 100
C Cost Incurred by Retailer
Loading Unloading Charges 1.2
Transportation 1.1
80

81. Damage 1 % 1
Commission 2% 2
Sub Total 4.3
Selling Price of Retailer 130
Total Marketing Cost 12.8
81
Marketing Margin
Sr.
No.
Particular Amount (Rs.) Percent Share
1. Market margin of Wholesaler 17 39.81
2.
Market margin of Retailer
25.7 60.18
3. Total Market Margin 42.7 100

82. Price Spread
Sr.No. Particular Amount Percentage(%)
1.
Price Received by
Producer
74.5 57.30
2. Marketing Cost 12.8 9.84
3. Marketing Margin 42.7 32.84
4. Price Paid By Consumer 130 100
82

83. Trend Analysis of Carnation(Gultekadi Market,Pune)
y = 0.1658x + 83.501
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
arrivals
years
Arrivals
y = 18.278x + 86152
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
prices
years
Prices
83

84. Seasonal Indices for Carnation
84
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
April May June July August September October November December January February March
Arrivals
Prices

85. Documents required for export
1. Bill of landing/airway bill.
2. Commercial packing list.
3. Packing invoice.
4. Bill of exchange.
5. Letter of credit.
6. Phytosanitary certificate.
7. Declaration under foreign exchange.
8. Realization of export procedures.
85

86. Export Procedure
1. Establish organization on partnership with firms.
2. Open bank account dealing with foreign exchange.
3. Obtain pan ID from income tax department.
4. Obtain import export code.
5. Selection of product.
6. Find buyers
7. Send sample to buyers
8. Costing
9. Negotiation
10. supply
86

87. Schemes of Government
A subsidy is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector, generally with the aim of
promoting economic and social policy.
87
APEDA
gives 25% subsidy
for cold storage,
warehouse and
godowns.
National Horticulture
Mission(NHM)-
50% subsidy only on
Polyhouse
construction and Drip
and Fogging system
according to rates
decided by particular
state horticulture
department.
National Horticulture
Board(NHB)-
50% subsidy on total
project cost which
includes Polyhouse
construction, Drip
and Fogging System,
Bed Preparation
material and labour
cost, Planting
Material cost, basic
infrastructure like
packing hall, room
quarters Etc.

88. NAIS:- National
Agricultural Insurance
Scheme
88

89. PROPOSAL
89

90. 90
Document required for borrowing loan
1. Proof identity a) Adhar Card b) Pan card c) Voting card
2. Address proof a) Ration card b) Electricity bill
3. 7/12 abstract & 8 A
4. Quotations in all aspects
5. Bank statement ( latest 6 month )
6. Government valuation certificate for Tah Sildar
7. Copy of project report for C.A
8. No objection certificate for Gram panchayat
9. Letter of intent (LOI) scheme development commercial
Horticulture through production .
10. Domicile certificate
11. 2 Guarantor and 5 passport size photo

91. Procedure of Sanctioning Bank Loan
Interview with
Farmer
Submission of
Loan Application
Scrutiny of
Records
Visit to Farmers
Field
Criteria for Loan
Eligibility
Sanction of Loan
Submission of
Requisite
Documents
Disbursement of
Loan
Post Credit
Follow up
measures
Recovery of Loan
91

92. 92
Loan Proposal
Name Of Beneficiary- Mrs. Manisha Bhausaheb Kunjir.
Permanent Address- A/P – Waghapur Tal- Purandar Dist - Pune
Category- General
Gender- Female
Age- 48 Years
Occupation- Farming
Bank Name- Bank of India.
Branch- Saswad
Purpose Of Loan- For Polyhouse Construction
Loan Amount- Rs. 12,50,000.
Rate Of Interest- 8%

93. Source of fund
 Source of fund – Own fund and bank
 Name of bank – Bank of India
 Branch – Saswad
 Loan required –Rs. 937500
 Interest on loan - 8%
 Subsidy of National Horticulture Board - Rs. 2,63,000
93
 Allocation of fund
 Total available fund – Rs.9,37,500
 For polyhouse structure - Rs. 6,52,000
 For irrigation – Rs. 46,000
 For civil construction - Rs.31,760

94. Repayment Plan For Loan
Year Installment Principal Amount Interest Balance
1 202796 127796 75000 809704
2 202796 138019 64776.35 671685
3 202796 149061 53734.8 522624
4 202796 160986 41809.93 361638
5 202796 173865 28931.07 187774
6 202796 187774 15021.9 0
Loan Amount – 937500
Time Period – 6 Years
Interest Rate – 8 %
94

95. Problems In Carnation Cultivation
1. Temperature not Maintained in Summer
Season.
2. Ideal Environment for Insects, Fungi,
Viruses.
3. Unavailability of timely electricity
supply.
4. High Cost of Planting Material.
5. Lack of Storage Facility.
6. Improper Grading procedure.
7.Unavailability of Labours for Intercultural
operations.
8.Non Availability of Planting material on
time.
95

96. 1. Continuous showering in summer
season.
2. Use of IPM, IDM.
3. Make arrangement of alternative
source of power (Genset).
4. Proper Grading Procedure.
5. Use of Good Packaging Material.
6. Adjusting planting time
alternatively to avoid bulk in
production.
7. Establishing farmers suppliers
agency in a group.
8. Setting up of common cold storage.
Suggestions to Overcome
Problems
96

97. Findings of Carnation
1. In global market about 145 countries are involved in floriculture industry.
2. The global floriculture trade is estimated to be at US$ 70 Billion at present (ICAR Vision
2050).
3. The Indian floriculture market was worth INR 157 Billion in 2018.
4.India exported 19726.57 MT of Floriculture product to the world for the worth of Rs.571.38
crores.(2018-19).
5.In 2013-14 the Productivity of Floriculture in India is Higher i.e 9.
6. Total flowers production in Maharashtra 106 MT in year 2016-17.
7. Cost of Erection of Polyhouse is Rs.6,97,901.
8.Per Unit Erection cost is Rs.692/Sq.Mt.
9.Initial Capital Investment is Rs.11,55,653.
10. Fixed Cost Per Stem of Flower is Rs.1.61 During 2018-19.
11.The Working Capital for year 2018-19 is Rs.2,60,165.
12.The Working Capital per stem of flower is Rs.1 During 2018-19.
13.The 13677 Bunches are Produced During 2018-19 having income Rs.947601.
1,58,167 Stems 97

98. 14.The Average Price Per Stem of Flower is Rs.3.65 in 2018-19.
15.The Net Present Worth is Rs.3,76,270.
16.The Benefit Cost Ratio is 1.11.
17. IRR is 30.81.
18. The Payback Period 8.68
19.Break Even Analysis (In Physical) is 1,58,167 Stems.
20.Break Even Analysis (In Monetory) is Rs.5,76,722.
21. Margin of Safety(In Physical Term) is at 1,01,696 Stems of Flowers.
22.Margin of Safety (In Monetory Term) is Rs.3,70,879.
98

99. 99
Conclusion:
1.Net Present worth is Positive, Hence Selected Project is Financially
Feasible and Accepted.
2.Benefit Cost Ratio is Greater than 1, Hence Selected Project is
Financially Feasible and Accepted.
3.Internal Rate of Return is Greater than LDR, Hence Selected Project
is Financially Feasible and Accepted.
4.Payback Period is 8.68. The Investment is Get Back in 8 Year 8
Month 5 Day.

100. Visits
100

101. Experience Gained
101