The document summarizes the various perspectives on the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. It discusses the background of Kashmir being a princely state historically ruled by a Maharaja. It then outlines India, Pakistan, China and Kashmiri views on the conflict. India claims the instrument of accession signed Kashmir to India. Pakistan rejects this and cites the Muslim majority and UN resolutions. Kashmiris want independence or to join Pakistan, citing a distinct identity and human rights issues under Indian rule. The dispute remains unresolved between the nuclear powers of India and Pakistan over the region.

1. REASONS
BEHIND THE DISPUTE
THE KASHMIR CONFLICT

2. BACKGROUND
O Partition 1947
OClaims for Kashmir

3. Jammu and KASHMIR
O a princely state
ONorth-west of sub-
continent
OMaharaja Hari Singh
O2/3 under India
O1/3 under Pakistan

4. EVENTS

5. VIEWS
INDIAN VIEW CHINESE VIEW
PAKISTANI VIEW KASHMIRI VIEW

6. INDIA’s
VIEW
OInstrument of Accession, October 1947
OConstituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir
OTwo-Nation Theory
OKashmir’s autonomy
OAll differences between India and Pakistan,
including Kashmir, need to be settled through
bilateral negotiations as agreed to by the two
countries under the Simla Agreement signed on
2 July 1972.

7. INDIA’S
VIEWOWillingness to accommodate the
political demands
OTerrorism and hate fueled by Pakistan
OPakistan’s Kashmir
OLack of civil liberties
OLack of political, economic,
fundamental rights

8. PAKISTAN’S
VIEW
O“jugular vein of Pakistan”
ORejection of Instrument
of Accession
OViolation of Standstill
Agreement

9. PAKISTAN’S
VIEW
OKashmir wants to be with
Pakistan or independent
OIndia’s disregard to UN
resolutions
OMuslim majority, Two-
Nation Theory
OHuman rights violations

10. CHINESE
VIEW
OStrategic
significance
OAksai Chin
OProposed
boundaries by
British

11. KASHMIR
I VIEW
ORuled by Mughals, Afghans, Sikhs, Indian
Government
O A.G.Nourani - “Kashmiris are very much a
party to the dispute”
O2007
O87% of Muslim Srinagar (want
independence)
O95% of Hindu Jammu city ( support
India)
OMuslims of Azad Kashmir (support
Pakistan)
OMuslims of Kashmir valley ( free
Kashmir)

12. KASHMIRI
VIEWOKashmiris assert that no state
election had been fair
OIndian troops (600,000)
OHuman rights violation
OAyesha Pervez- high voter
turnout can not be interpreted as
acceptance of Indian rule

13. OSense of identity
O….Kashmiris may well
choose Pakistan….
O…Kashmiris would prefer
independent Kashmir.
K. Balagopal