These slides are to make you familiar with the every possible type of computer.

1. Introduction to
Computing Systems
Types of Computers

2. Department of Metallurgy & Material
Engineering
Group Members:
– Hamza Khan (325)
– Ammar Ishaq (327)
– Asad Jamil (335)
– Ahmer Ejaz (336)

3. What is computer?
▪ Electronic Device
▪ Works with different kind of Information
and Data
▪ In simple words
– We give Input
– Computer process that Input
– Do certain Operations
– Gives us required Output

4. History of Computers
▪ Starts from Abacus
– A simple calculating device
– Made of beads and wires
– Can perform +,-,x, ÷
▪ Analytical Engine
– Charles Babbage’s invention
– Father of Computers
– Had a Input, Memory & Output
– Huge Size reduced its efficiency

5. A Historical Dispute between ABC
and ENIAC
Atanasoff Berry
Computer (ABC)
▪ Claimed to be a first
Digital computer
▪ Professor Atanasoff and
his student Cliff Berry
▪ Atanasoff a
Mathematician and
Berry a Electrical
Engineer
▪ High speed circuital
Calculating Device
ENIAC by Eckert &
Mauchly
▪ Claimed to be a first
Digital Computer
▪ Presper Eckert and
John Mauchly
▪ Worked on Vacum
tubes
▪ First large and general
purpose computer to be
made operational

6. Judicial Inquiry of Dispute
▪ Both Atanasoff-Berry and Eckert-Mauchly claimed that
their computer was the first Digital Computing Device
▪ Professor Atanasoff gave an application for judicial inquiry
about the dispute
▪ Mauchly’s and Atanasoff’s represented their views in the
judicial trial
▪ Trial started on 1 June 1971 consumed 135 days till the
judges approached their decision
▪ Atanasoff-Berry Computer won this trial over ENIAC
▪ In judges opinion, ENIAC’s invention was based on the
Ideas of Professor DR-Atanasoff ‘s and Cliff Berry’s
Computer

7. Rest of the History
▪ TRADIC, a 1st Computer made of Transistors
▪ IBM 704, 1st Commercially Available Computer
▪ Livermore Atomic Research Computer, 1st Supercomputer
▪ PDP-1, 1st Minicomputer
▪ INTEL 4004, 1st Computer made of Microprocessors
▪ IBM PC, a 1st Personal Computer
▪ INTEL’s Pentium Microprocessor, 1st Fifth Generation
Computer
▪ Sun Ultra Workstation, can run various Operating Systems

8. Types of computers
For Single User
▪ Desktop Computers
▪ Workstations
▪ Notebook Computers
▪ Tablet Computers
▪ Handheld Computers
▪ Smart Phones
For Several Users
▪ Supercomputers
▪ Mainframe
Computers
▪ Minicomputers
▪ Microcomputers

9. For Individual Users
Desktop Computers
•Commonly Used PC
•Do jobs with Greater
Ease
•High Efficiency
•Two Orientations
•Vertically Oriented
•Horizontally Oriented
•Used in Schools,
Offices, Homes etc

10. Workstations
•More Features
•Popular amongst
Engineers, Scientists etc
•Perform Sophisticated
Tasks
•Large and High
Resolution Monitors
•Accelerated Graphics-
Handling Capabilities
•Greater Speed
•More Power then
Desktop Computers

11. Notebook
•Battery or AC
Powered PC
•Easily Transportable
•Conveniently Used
•Also Known as Laptop
•Weigh less then 5
pounds
•3 inches or less in
Thickness
•More Costly then
Desktop Computers

12. Tablet Computers
•Flat Mobile Computer
•Touch Screen Display
•Rechargeable Battery
•Consists of Sensors
•Digital Cameras
•Built in Microphone and
Accelerometer
•Have Virtual Keyboard
•Easily Transportable
•At least 7 Inches Screen

13. Handheld Computers
•Also known as Mobile Device
•Small Computing Device
•Have Operating System
•Built in Apps & can be
installed
•Alphanumeric Keyboard &
Touch Screen Virtual
Keyboard
•Have Internet Facility
•Wi-Fi & GPS Tracking
•Rechargeable Lithium
Battery
•Integrated Cameras

14. Smartphone
•Commonly known as Mobile
Phone
•Have Different Apps
•GPS Navigations
•Fast Communication
•Wi-Fi and Mobile Data
•Media Player, Video Games
etc
•Onscreen Icons
•Pocket Sized
•Digital Cameras
•Motion Sensors
•Most Popular

15. For Multiple Users
Supercomputers
•High Level Computing
Performance
•Performance is measured in
FLOPS (floating point
operations/sec)
•Can perform Quadrillions
FLOPS
•Introduced in 1960 by Cray
Research Company
•Used in Weather Forecasting,
NASA’s Interstellar Operations,
Climate Research etc
•Most Popular Uses are
Spacecraft Aerodynamics,
Nuclear Weapons Detonations
and Nuclear Fission
•FLOPS are used instead of MIPS

16. World’s Fastest Supercomputer
The Chinese Sunway Taihulight
•LINPACK Benchmark
Determines the Performance
Speed
•Speed is determined in
FLOPS (floating points
operations/sec)
•Has the Speed of 93 PFLOPS
(PFLOPS mean PETA FLOPS)
•93 PETA FLOPS means
93×10^15 FLOPS
•Exceeding the Previous
Record Holder Tianhe-2 by 59
PFLOPS
•1st Chinese Computer to
Enter Top-500 without using
American Hardware

17. Mainframe Computer
•Used in Large Organizations
•For Critical Applications
•Capable of Supporting
Thousands of Users
Simultaneously
•Process Very Large Amount
of Data
•High Speed
•Large Size
•Large Storage
•Operate in Various
Operating Systems
•Used as ATM’s, Banking
Machines etc

18. The IBM-Z13
World’s Fastest & Securest Mainframe
•Handles Explosive Growth
of Clients
•Process Vast Amount of
DATA
•Massive Memory
•2.5 Billions Transactions Per
Day
•Makes Protected and
Auditable Transactions
•17 Times Faster
•3 Times More Memory
•Fast Response Time
•Commercially Available

19. Minicomputers
•Smaller Computers
•Less Costly then Mainframe
•Capable of Running Programs
with High Level Language
•Support Languages like
FORTRAN, BASIC
•PDP-1, 1st Minicomputer
•Capabilities of Large
Computers in Smaller Size
•Falls in Space between
Mainframe & Microcomputers
•Power More then
Microcomputer but Less then
Mainframe Computer

20. The Fastest Minicomputer
IStick A300 Series
•1.6 GHz Quad Core Processor
•Hard Drive Up to 512 GB
•Total 4 Ports
•USB Port, Audio Jack Port,
Card Slot, Ethernet Port
•USB Camera Supported
•Bluetooth 4.0
•Built in Battery
•Active Cooling System
•Zero Noise
•32-Bit Colour
•Price $500 OR 60 Thousands
Rs Approximately

21. Microcomputer
•Smaller in Size
•Inexpensive
•Microprocessor as its CPU
•Minimal Input/output
Circuitry
•Have a Memory
•Smaller then Mainframe &
Minicomputers
•Equipped with Keyboard
•A Screen for Display
•Became Popular in 1970s
and 1980s

22. The Computers of the Future
▪ Scientists & Engineers are currently working on
the two future technologies that will enable
computers to become faster, reliable, easily
transportable etc
▪ Quantum Computers
– Computers made by principles of Quantum
Mechanics will be much faster then any other
Personal Computers
– Large amount of data will be processed and
stored
– Accelerated Graphics
– Uses Qubits instead of Bits

23. The Computers of Future
▪ Nanotechnology Based Computers
– Capable of working in Extreme Climate
– Will have Medical, Environmental, Scientific
Uses
– Enable Faster Communications
– Beneficial for Industrial Purposes