Hazardous materials Transportation

1. HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
TRANSPORTATION
Arvindh Sathya

2. Hazmat (Hazardous materials)Transportation
Hazardous Materials Transportation Act of 1975
Safe transport practices for hazardous materials are
influenced by
• Increased Harmonization
• Rationalization of Regulations
• Better Data
• New Technology
• Cooperative Efforts Between Shippers And Carriers.

3. Harmonization and Rationalization of Hazmat
Transportation Regulations
• A harmonized system would promote safer transportation,
handling, and use of chemicals.
• An important, ongoing trend is the International
harmonization of hazard classification and labeling
systems.
• The United States and other countries are attempting to
develop a globally harmonized system (GHS) for
classifying and labeling chemicals.

4. 9 CLASSES OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Explosives
Gases
Flammable Liquids
Flammable Solids
Oxidizing Substances
Toxic & Infectious Substances
Radioactive Material
Corrosives
Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods

5. MAIN CLASSES OF DANGEROUS GOODS
CLASS 1
EXPLOSIVES
• Explosives are materials
or items which have the
ability to rapidly explode
or detonate as a
consequence of chemical
reaction.
CLASS 2
GASES
• Gases are defined by
dangerous goods
regulations as substances
which have a vapour
pressure of 300 kPa or
greater at 50°c or which
are completely gaseous at
20°c at standard
atmospheric pressure

6. MAIN CLASSES OF DANGEROUS GOODS
CLASS 3
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
• Flammable liquids are
defined by dangerous
goods as liquids,
mixtures of liquids or
liquids containing
solids in solution or
suspension which give
off a flammable vapour
(have a flash point) at
temperatures of not
more than 60-65°C.
CLASS 7
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
• Dangerous goods
regulations define
radioactive material as
any material containing
radionuclides where
both the activity
concentration and the
total activity exceeds
certain pre-defined
values.

7. General Requirements for Dangerous Goods
Safety Marks
Dangerous goods safety marks must be:
• Visible
• Legible
• Displayed against a background of contrasting colour
• Made of durable, weather-resistant material so that will resist in
the conditions they will be exposed to
• Displayed in the appropriate colour (safety marks must not be
faded).

8. Orientation and Size of Placards and Labels

9. Display of Placard
• Each placard only needs to be displayed once on each side
and each end.
• The subsidiary class placard must be displayed next to the
primary class placard on each side and on each end of the
large means of containment

10. UN numbers
• Aside from placards, a large means of containment must
also display the UN number of the dangerous goods
• UN numbers are four-digit numbers that identify hazardous
materials.
• UN numbers range from UN 0004 to about UN 3534 and
are assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts
on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (TDG).
• There is no UN number allocated to non-hazardous
substances; These will simply not have a UN number.

11. Dangerous Goods / Explosives Driver
• A dangerous goods/explosives driver carries dangerous
goods or explosives, usually for chemical companies or
mining organizations.
• Drivers need to be aware of safety issues regarding
loading, unloading, handling, separation of dangerous
goods and emergency response.

12. Tremcard
• A Tremcard or a Transport Emergency Card as it is also known as is
a document that is used when transporting dangerous goods.
• The Tremcard contains important safety information about the
vehicles load.
• The Tremcard is to determine what dangerous goods are being
transported and how the load should be treated.
•
• A Tremcard should be an A4 sized document with thick red borders;
This is to identify it quickly in an emergency.
• It has to be located in the cab of the vehicle when the vehicle is
carrying a dangerous load.

13. Sample Tremcard

14. Misleading Safety Marks
• Misleading as to the presence of danger Displaying a
safety mark when no dangerous goods are present.
• Misleading as to the nature of danger Displaying a safety
mark that does not represent the class of dangerous
goods.

15. Case Study: Cargo Fire
Transportation Mode: Highway
Location: Middletown, US
Date of Accident: August 22, 2003
Time: 8:20 a.m.
Shipper: AK Steel Corporation
Vehicle: Cargo tank
Injuries: 5 people treated and released
Property Damage: About $25,000
Material Released: Anhydrous Ammonia
Type of Accident: Cargo tank head fracture

16. Accident
• While the cargo tank was still being loaded, its front head
cracked open, releasing vapors of anhydrous ammonia.
• The driver activated the emergency shut off device for the
cargo tank and Emergency Plan has been executed.
• About 100 employees and contract workers were
evacuated from the building.
• Five people were treated for inhalation injuries and
released

17. Cargo head tank design and Through-wall crack

18. Probable Causes of an Accident
• Failure to establish and implement loading procedures.
• Anhydrous ammonia containing less than 0.2 percent
water by weight should not be loaded into cargo tanks
manufactured tempered steel.
• Stress-corrosion cracking and tank failure.

19. Thank You