Embedded systems perform predefined tasks according to a fixed set of rules or programming and are dedicated to a specific application. Some early examples include the Apollo guidance computer and Autonetics D-17 missile guidance computer. Embedded systems are now commonly found in aircraft, vehicles, robots, medical devices, household appliances, and personal electronics. They typically include a microprocessor, memory, and other components needed for the dedicated function and may use programming languages like C to define the system's behavior. Embedded systems are widely used due to their versatility and ability to automate tasks.